Lecture 3: Male Reproductive Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the scrotum
A
Protective barrier for testicles
2
Q
What is function of testes
A
Spermatogenesis and testosterone
3
Q
What is function of epididymis
A
Support spermatozoa maturation, concentration and transportation
4
Q
What is function of cremaster muscle and pampiniform plexus
A
Thermoregulation
5
Q
What is the function of accessory glands
A
Provide nutrient rich and protective fluid for spermatozoa and fluid for territory marking
6
Q
What species has spines on glan penis
A
Cats
7
Q
What species have a corkscrew glans penis
A
Boars
8
Q
What cells are considered the caretakers of sperm progenitors, provide nutrients for sperm, “mothers of sperm”
A
Sertoli cells
9
Q
What do Sertoli cells secrete
A
Inhibin
10
Q
What do Sertoli cell tumors produce
A
Inhibin and estrogen
11
Q
What do leydig cells secrete
A
Testosterone
12
Q
Testicle Histo: Identify arrows 1-3
A
- Sertoli cells
- Spermatogenic cells
- Leydig clls
13
Q
What is cause of cryptorchidism
A
Hereditary, hormonal, environmental
14
Q
What are some sequela of cryptorchidism
A
- Testicular neoplasia
- Testicular torsion
- Sterility
15
Q
What type of tumor is common in dogs who are cryptorchid
A
Sertoli cell tumors
16
Q
Describe the pathogensis of sterility from cryptochordism
A
- Cryptorchid testicle
- Exposed to body heat
- Failure to mature (hypoplasia)
- Degeneration (atrophy)
- Sterility
17
Q
Describe the pathogensis of testicular torsion
A
- Torsion of spermatic cord
- Blocks venous outflow
- Venous infarction
18
Q
What is wrong here and what is potential cause
A
testicle to the right is atrophied
Potential cause: cryptorchidism
19
Q
What is wrong here and what is potential cause
A
testicular torsion
Cause: cryptorchidism
20
Q
T or F: most testicular tumors behave benign
A
True
21
Q
What species are interstitial/ leydig cell tumors common in
A
Aged bulls, dogs an cats
22
Q
What is the gross appearance of an interstitial/ leydig cell tumor
A
Well demarcated, tan to orange mass, areas of hemorrhage
23
Q
T or F: interstitial/ leydig cell tumors are typically nonfunctional
A
True
24
Q
What type of testicular tumor is this
A
leydig/ interstitial cell tumor
25
What species are Sertoli cell tumors common in
Age dogs
26
Sertoli cell tumors are common in ___dogs
Cryptorchid
27
What is the gross appearance of Sertoli cell tumors
Large testicle with firm, white and lobulated fibrous band
28
T or F: Sertoli cells commonly metastasize
False
29
Sertoli cell tumors can produce __ and/ or ___
Inhibin and/ or estrogen
30
What type of testicular tumor is this
Sertoli cell tumor
31
Why type of testicular tumor can cause feminization syndrome and why
Sertoli cell tumor- produce estrogen
32
What are some clinical signs of Sertoli cell tumors causing feminization syndrome
Gynecomastia, alopecia, testicular atrophy, attraction to males
33
What are some blood work abnormalities associated with feminization syndrome
1. Anemia
2. Granulocytopenia
3. Thrombocytopenia
34
Estrogen is ___therefore decreases production of marrow barrow cells
Myelotoxic
35
What likely could have caused this presentation
Sertoli cell tumor causing feminization syndrome
36
What tumor is most common in stallions
Seminoma
37
What is the 2nd most common testicular tumor in dogs
Seminoma
38
What condition can lead to Seminoma
Cryptorchid testes
39
What is the gross appearance of Seminoma
Large testicle with indiscreet, homogeneous, white, soft to firm mass
40
T or F: seminomas produce hormones
False
41
What type of tumor is this
Seminoma
42
What type of tumor is a teratoma
Germline tumor composed on 2-3 germ layers
43
What is the gross appearance of teratoma
Lumpy bumpy tumors that often contain hair, teeth, and bone
44
What species often get teratoma
Young stallions, often cryptorchid
45
What type of tumor is this
teratoma
46
What is the cause of spermatic granuloma
Traumatic rupture of ducts and tubules
47
Describe the pathogenesis of spermatic granuloma
1. Traumatic rupture of ducts/ tubules
2. Spermatozoa get introduced to body—> FB
3. Incites FB reaction
4. Granulomatous inflammation
48
What does this Histo show
spermatozoa invading tissues—> spermatic granuloma
49
What is orchitis
Inflammation of testes
50
What is more common: epididymitis or orchitis
Epididymitis
51
What is the cause of orchitis
Bacteria
52
What is the route of spread for orchitis
Hematogenous
53
What is a common pathogen that causes orchitis and is also zoonotic
Brucella
54
What reactions are seen with bacterial orchitis
Abscessation +/- necrotizing
55
What reactions are seen with fungal or parasitic orchitis
Granulomatous
56
What are some causes of orchitis in bulls
1. Brucella abortus
2. Mycobacterium Bo is
3. Histophilus
57
What are some causes of orchitis in swine
Brucella suis
58
What are some causes of orchitis in goats
Brucella melitensis
59
What are some causes of orchitis in dogs
1. Brucella canis
2. Blastomyces dermatitis
60
How can you differentiate testicular degeneration vs testicular hypoplasia
By looking at epididymis
With degeneration/ atrophy the size of epididymis looks much larger than testicle
With hypoplasia- testicle and epididymis are both small
61
What is wrong
Testicular degeneration/ atrophy
62
What is wrong
testicular hypoplasia
63
What can cause testicular hypoplasia
1. Heritable
2. Cryptorchid
2. Intersexed animals
64
What cells are missing in Histo of testicular hypoplasia
Germ cells
65
In testicular hypoplasia the germ cells are absent therefore resulting in ___
Infertility
66
What is wrong
missing germ cells
Testicular hypoplasia
67
What are some causes of testicular degeneration/ atrophy
1. Infections/ chronic orchitis
2. Temperature >90F
3. Vascular
4. Hormonal
5. Age
68
Epididymitis makes ducts prone to obstruction and therefore can cause ___
Spermatocele
69
What pathogens commonly cause epididymitis
Brucella, T. Pyogenes, actinobacillus
70
What causes epididymitis in rams
Brucella Ovis
71
T or f: Brucella ovis causing epididymitis is associated with orchitis
False
72
What is a spermatocele
Cystic dilation of epididymal ducts filled with sperm and fluid
73
If a spermatocele ruptures it can cause ___
Sperm granuloma
74
What wrong
spermatocele
75
What wrong
spermatic granuloma
76
What is a varicocele
Dilation of the veins within the pampiniform plexus
77
What wrong
varicocele
78
T or F: varicoceles are usually incidental
True
79
Periorchitis is often associated with ___, caused by ___ in rams
Severe epididymitis caused by Brucella ovis
80
What wrong
periorchitis
81
Vaginal cavity filled with fluid is called a __
Hydrocele
82
What are some causes of hydrocele
Same as ascites, causes of edema, RSF, etc
83
A vaginal cavity filled with blood is called a ___
Hematocele
84
What is a cause of hematocele in vaginal cavity
Trauma- stallions after mating
85
What species get mesotheliomas
Dogs, bulls, rats
86
What wrong
Mesothelioma
87
What species are prone to scrotal hernias
Horses
88
What is the pathogenesis of scrotal hernias
1. Herniation of intestines/ mesenteric through inguinal ring
2. Vaginal cavity/ scrotum +/- strangulation of intestines
89
Which is life threatening and needs sx correction: acquired or congenital scrotal hernias
Acquired
90
Horse presents with colic soon after mating or exercise, what are you concerned about
Scrotal hernia
91
What wrong
scrotal hernia
92
What wrong
frostbite
93
What is the cause of scrotal dermatitis in rams and bulls
chorioptes Bo is
94
What is the result of scrotal dermatitis caused by chorioptes bovis
Testicular degeneration and infertility
95
What wrong and what could have caused this
scrotal dermatitis
Cause: chorioptes bovis
96
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in who
Intact dogs
97
What causes BPH
Hormonal imbalances, largely testosterone dependent
98
What is the gross appearance of BPH
Large, firm, smooth >nodular
99
Dog prostate, what wrong
BPH
100
What are some clinical signs of BPH
Constipation, dysuria
101
Prostatitis is common in what species
Dogs
102
What bacterial urinary pathogen typically cause prostatitis
E. Coli
103
What is the pathogenesis of prostatitis
1. Bacterial urinary pathogens
2. Ascending infection (often secondary to cystitis)
3. Prostatitis
104
What is the gross appearance of acute prostatitis
Large soft, smooth to lumpy, abscesses, necrosis, hemorrhage
105
What are the gross signs of chronic prostatitis
Large or small, irregular, lumpy, bumpy, firm
106
What wrong and is it acute or chronic
acute prostatitis
107
What is the cause of prostatic squamous metaplasia
Increased estrogen
108
Dogs with ___tumors can get prostatic squamous metaplasia because they produce ___
Sertoli cell tumors, produce estrogen
109
Ferrets with ___tumors can get prostatic squamous metaplasia because they produce __
Adrenal Tumors, androgen producing
110
__is a phytoestrogen containing pasture that can cause prostatic squamous metaplasia
Clover
111
Who is more likely to get prostatic adenocarcinomas: castrated or intact dogs
Castrated dogs
112
What is the gross appearance of a prostatic adenocarcinomas
Asymmetrical, irregular, firm, locally invasive
113
Prostatic adenocarcinomas like to metastasize to
Regional LN, lumbar spine, pelvis
114
What is the prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinomas
Poor
115
What is an important differential for prostatic adenocarcinoma
TCC
116
Prostate of old, castrated dog, what tumor is this
Prostatic adenocarcinomas
117
What is hypospadiasis
Ventral opening of the urethra to penile surface
118
What is a persistent frenulum
Band of tissue connecting penis to prepuce that fails to rupture in puberty
119
What wrong
Hypospadiasis
120
What is balanitis
Inflammation of the glans penis
121
What is posthitis
Inflammation of the prepuce
122
What is balanoposthitis
Inflammation of glans penis and prepuce
123
What causes infectious balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis in cattle
BHV-1
124
What causes equine coital exanthema
EHV-3
125
What causes rabbit syphilis
Treponema
126
What wrong and cause
rabbit syphilis caused by treponema
127
What could’ve caused these lesions on cow penis
BHV-1
128
What could’ve caused these lesions on horse after mating
EHV-3
129
What nematode can cause a brown proliferative mass on horse penis
Habronema
130
What are you two differential diagnosis for these lesions on horse penis
1. Penile habronemiasis
2. SCC
131
What is paraphimosis
Inability to retract penis
132
What is phimosis
Inability to extrude penis
133
What neoplasia do young bulls typically get on penis
Fibropapilloma
134
What is cause of fibropapilloma in young bulls
Bovine fibropapilloma virus 1 and 2
135
What neoplasms do horses, bulls and dogs typically get on penis and prepuce
Squamous cell carcinoma
136
What neoplasm do young dogs typically get on penis
Transmissible venereal tumor
137
Young bull penis, what neoplasia is likely cause
Fibropapilloma
138
Horse penis- what neoplasia likely caused this
SCC
139
Young dog penis- what neoplasia likely caused this
Transmissible venereal tumor
