Respiratory Pathology Lecture 4 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Define pneumonia
A
Inflammation of the lungs
2
Q
What is the pattern of bronchopneumonia
A
Cranioventral
3
Q
What are the two subtypes of bronchopneumonia
A
Suppurative- lobular
Fibrinous- pleuropneumonia- lobar
4
Q
What is the most common type of pneumonia
A
Bronchopneumonia
5
Q
What is the pattern for interstitial pneumonia
A
Caudodorsal to diffuse
6
Q
What is the pattern for granulomatous and embolic pneumonia
A
Multi focal
7
Q
What is the gross appearance of suppurative bronchopneumonia
A
Dark, red, firm, consolidated, cranioventral distribution
8
Q
What is the route of transmission for suppurative bronchopneumonia
A
Aerogenous
9
Q
What are the causes of bronchopneumonia
A
Bacteria, aspiration
10
Q
What kind of pneumonia is this
A
Suppurative bronchopneumonia
11
Q
What is the gross appearance of fibrinous bronchopneumonia
A
Dark red, firm, consolidated, cranioventral distribution, abundant tan fibrin coating pleura
12
Q
What is the route of transmission for fibrinous bronchopneumonia
A
Aerogenous
13
Q
What is the cause of fibrinous bronchopneumonia
A
Bacteria
14
Q
What type of pneumonia is this
A
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
15
Q
What factors contribute to bronchopneumonia: bovine respiratory disease complex
A
Crowding, air quality, stress (weaning or shipping)
16
Q
What are some primary viral infections that can cause bovine respiratory disease complex
A
- Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus
- Parainfluenza 3
- Infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV-1)
17
Q
What are some secondary opportunistic bacterial infections in bovine respiratory disease complex
A
- Mannheimia haemolytica
- Truperella pyogenes
- Histophilus somni
- Pasteurella multocida
- Mycoplasma bovis
18
Q
What is calf pneumonia called
A
Bovine enzootic pneumonia
19
Q
What is the morbidity and mortality associated with bovine enzootic pneumonia
A
High morbidity but low mortality
20
Q
What is shipping fever called
A
Pneumonic mannheimiosis
21
Q
What viral infection is synergistic with Mannheimia haemolytica
A
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV-1)
22
Q
What type of pneumonia is associated with pneumonic Mannheimiosis
A
Severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia
23
Q
T or F: pneumonic mannheimiosis is often fatal
A
True
24
Q
What is the most importantly respiratory disease in cattle in US
A
Pneumonic mannheimiosis
25
Mycoplasma bovis commonly affects what age group
Calves
26
What gross findings can be associated with mycoplasma bovis
1. Pulmonary abscessation
2. Suppurative otitis media
3. Arthritis
27
What histological changes are seen with mycoplasma bovis
Abscessation correspond to necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia and bronchiesctasis
28
What is bronchiectasis
Dilation/destruction of bronchioles
29
Cut section of calf lung- what is likely diagnosis. You also note suppurative otitis media and arthritis
mycoplasma bovis
30
Histo from calf lung- describe Histo changes and likely cause
Bronchopneumonia and bronchiectasis
Likely caused by Mycoplasma bovis
31
What are some primary viral infections associated with porcine respiratory disease complex
1. Swine influenza
2. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
3. Pseudorabies
4. Porcine-Circovirus 2
32
T or F: swine influenza is zoonotic
True
33
What are some primary bacterial infections associated with porcine respiratory disease complex
1. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
2. Bordetella bronchiseptica
3. Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae
34
Which primary bacterial infection associated with porcine respiratory disease complex has a low mortality but long term infection
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
35
What are some secondary opportunistic bacterial infections associated with porcine respiratory disease complex
1. Pasteurella multocida
2. Haemophilus parasuis
3. Streptococcus suis
4. Actinobacillius suis
36
Lung from pig- what is most likely primary viral infection that can cause this
swine influenza
37
pig lung- what primary bacterial infection could have caused this that is known to have long term infection
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
38
T or F: actinobacillus suis is part of normal flora
True
39
What are some complications associated with actinobacillus suis
Septicemia-pneumonia arthritis, pericarditis
40
What pigs typically get actinobacillus suis
Recently weaned pigs and in grow/finish pigs
41
What is the morbidity and mortality associated with actinobacillus suis
High morbidity and mortality
42
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as ___infections
Persistent
43
What is the morbidity and mortality associated with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
High morbidity and mortality
44
What pigs typically get actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Young pigs < 6 months
45
Pig lungs- what are two likely bacterial causes
1. Actinobacillus suis
2. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
46
What is the gross appearance of aspiration pneumonia
Necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia
Evidence of foreign debris within airways
47
What conditions can predispose to aspiration pneumonia
Cleft palate, megaesophagus, vomiting, regurgitation, dysphasia, anesthesia, collapse, force feeding, contrast, persistent right aortic arch
48
What type of pneumonia is this
Bronchopneumonia: aspiration pneumonia
49
What is the gross appearance of interstitial pneumonia
Caudodorsal to diffuse, rubbery, fail to collapse when thorax is opened, rib impressions, lack visible exudate within airways
50
Damage to what cell type can cause interstitial pneumonia
Type I pneumocyte- will see type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
51
What type of pneumonia is this and what does Histo show
Interstitial pneumonia
Histo: type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
52
What are some toxic causes of interstitial pneumonia
1. Aerogenous- smoke, NO2
2. Toxic metabolites: 3-methylindole
3. Systemic- endotoxin, urea, sepsis
53
What are some viral causes of interstitial pneumonia
Influenza (canine and equine)
Herpes virus
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Canine distemper
54
What are some Hematogenous causes of interstitial pneumonia
Sepsis
55
Canine distemper often stars as ___ and leads to ___
Upper respiratory virus, pneumonia +/- secondary bacterial infections—> bronchointerstitial pneumonia
56
What kind of pneumonia is seen with canine distemper virus
Interstitial pneumonia
57
Canine distemper virus can cause immunosuppression causing __ and ___atrophy
Lymphoid and thymic
58
What other parts of body are affected by canine distemper virus
Skin, brain, teeth
59
What type of nasal discharge is typically associates with canine distemper virus
Mucopurluent rhinitis
60
What are the unique histological features of canine distemper virus
1. Intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear inclusions
2. Viral syncytia- multiple cells come together and form giant cell with multiple nuclei
61
Dog presents in respiratory distress, mucopurulent rhinitis. The following lung Histo was done. What is likely cause
canine distemper virus- viral syncytia and inclusions
62
Besides canine distemper what are some other differentials for interstitial pneumonia in cats
Canine adenovirus, canine parainfluenza, canine herpesvirus, canine influenza
63
What are some differentials for interstitial pneumonia in cats
Feline calicivirus and feline infectious rhinotracheitis
64
What is the pathogenesis of bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (BPEE)- atypical interstitial pneumonia
1. Consume lush grass which contains L-tryptophan
2. L-tryptophan converted to 3-methylindole in rumen
3. 3-methylindole transformed by cytochrome p450 enzymes in club cells (bronchioles) to toxic intermediate—> free radical generation
4. Necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type I pneumocytes—> fibrin exudation, edema, emphysema
65
Besides tryptophan what are some other potential causes of BPEE
1. Pneumotoxins: perilla mint—> perilla ketones and moldy sweet potatoes: 4-ipomeanol
2. Inhaled allergens
3. Hypersensitivity due to reinfection with BRSV or lung worms
4. Inhalation of toxic gases
66
Necropsy of cow lung shows the following. Farmer reports cow was just turned out to pasture. What is wrong
Bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema
67
Histology from cow lung- what does Histo show and what is likely cause. Cow just turned out to pasture
Histo: necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type I pneumocytes
Likely BPEE
68
What type of virus causes ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis
Lentiviruses
69
T or F: ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis have long incubation periods
True >2yrs
70
T or F: ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis are lifelong infections
True
71
How is ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis transmitted
Ingestion of colostrum or milk or inhalation
72
What causes uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy
Severe kidney disease—> uremia
73
What happens to lungs with uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy
Mineralization at lungs and pleura
74
What is gross appearance of lungs and pleura in uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy
Lungs: feel gritty/ crunchy, white areas
Pleura: white to yellow plaques- frosting due to uremic and ca2+ deposits
75
What stain can be used to highlight mineralization in uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy
Von kossa
76
Patient with severe kidney disease presented with the following lung and pleura damage- what is wrong
Uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy
77
What are the causes of granulomatous pneumonia
1. Bacteria resist to phagocytosis
2. Fungi
3. Parasites
78
What type of pneumonia is this
granulomatous pneumonia
79
What is rhodocossus equi
Gram positive bacteria in soil
80
Who does rhodococcus equi typically affect
Young foals or immunodeficient adult horses
81
What type of lesions are associated with rhodococcus equi
Intestinal and mesenteric lymph node lesions
82
What is the route of infection with rhodococcus equi
Inhalation
83
What type of bacteria is mycobacterium bovis
Gram positive, acid fast
84
What type of pneumonia does mycobacterium bovis cause
Granulomatous pneumonia
85
What are the routes of infection of mycobacterium bovis
1. Inhalation- older cows
2. Milk- young cows
86
T or F: myobacterium bovis is zoonotic
True
87
Cow presents with following lesions, what is wrong and what type of pneumonia is it
Mycobacterium bovis
Granulomatous pneumonia
88
What type of pneumonia do fungi cause
Granulomatous pneumonia
89
Identify the different fungal granulomatous pneumonias
top left: histoplasma capsulatum
Bottom left: blastomyces dermatitidis
Top right: Cryptococcus
Bottom right: coccidiodes
90
What is the gross appearance of embolic pneumonia
Multifocal areas of dark red, suppurative exudate- white centers
91
What is the route of infection for embolic pneumonia
Hematogenous
92
What is the cause of embolic pneumonia
Bacteria- but not primary source
Ex of primary sources: hepatic abscess, valvular endocarditis
93
What type of pneumonia is this
embolic pneumonia
94
What type of pneumonia is this
embolic pneumonia
95
What are some common metastatic neoplasias to lungs
1. Mammary carcinoma- cats
2. Oral melanoma
3. Right auricle hemangiosarcoma
4. Osteosarcoma
96
Metastatic or primary and what are two differentials
Metastatic
1. Oral melanoma
2. Right auricle hemangiosarcoma
97
What is the most common primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and cats
Adenocarcinoma
98
What is the most common site of metastasis for primary pulmonary tumors
Intrapulomary- different lung lobes
99
What is the gross appearance of pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Large primary mass
Multifocal smaller masses on other lung lobes
100
What does the Histo look like for pulmonary adenocarcinomas
Acinar/glandular structures
101
Primary or metastatic and what is likely differential
primary with metastasis to other lung lobes
Cause: pulmonary adenocarcinoma
102
Histo from lung- what kind of tumor is this
adenocarcinoma
103
In cats besides intrapulmonary metastasis where do pulmonary adenocarcinomas like to go
Digits
104
diagnose tumor on cat digit- is this primary or metastatic tumor. What is the likely tumor
Metastasis to digit
Feline lung-digit syndrome
Primary tumor likely pulmonary adenocarcinoma
105
What is the etiology of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Retrovirus
106
What part of the lungs are affected with ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Ventral aspects
107
Sheep presents with following pulmonary mass. What is likely dx
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
108
Where do granular cell tumors in horses typically arise
Arise from and protrude into larger airways
109
Horse necropsy shows this mass in trachea and the following Histo. What is likely dx
glanular cell tumor
110
What is the cause of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in dogs and cats
Idiopathic
111
What breed of dog has a genetic predisposition to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
West highland white terriers
112
What causes pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in horses
Equine herpesvirus 5
113
Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in horses typically starts as ___
Interstitial pneumonia (because viral)
114
Horse necropsy shows these tan nodules in lung and the following Histos were performed. What is likely dx and cause
Dx: equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis/ interstitial fibrosis
Cause: equine herpesvirus 5
115
What histological finding is typical of herpesviruses
Inclusion bodies
116
What stain is good for pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
Trip home stain- highlights CT in blue
