Lecture 4 part 1

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

preparation of food for absorption

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

passage of small molecules from GI tract into blood or lymph systems

Question 3

what makes up digestion

Answer 3

mastication- physical chewing
enzymatic- breaking bonds
chemical- stomach acid
microbial

Question 4

what is the function of the Gi tract

Answer 4

-preparation of food for absorption
- storage of food
- environment for microbial growth
- location where nutrients absorbed

Question 5

how long is food stored or takes to digest in nonruminants

Answer 5

24-48 hours

Question 6

how long is food stored or takes to digest in ruminants

Answer 6

80-100 hours
- much longer because of foods they eat

Question 7

dysbiosis

Answer 7

wrong community of microbes
- harmful

Question 8

what are animals classified by diet

Answer 8

based on foods consumed or type of diet

Question 9

herbivore

Answer 9

• consume plants
• incisors for biting off grass
• molars and premolars for grinding
• most have digestion start in mouth

Question 10

carnivore

Answer 10

• consume animal tissue
• food easier to digest
• teeth for tearing (sharp canines)
• up and down jaw movement
• no digestion in mouth

Question 11

omnivore

Answer 11

• consume combination of animal and plant tissue
• incisor adapted for biting off small amounts
• molars for grinding

Question 12

what type of classification based on anatomy is most efficient in digesting fibers

Answer 12

foregut fermenters

Question 13

foregut fermenters and ruminants

Answer 13

• variation of 4 chambers
• fermentation happening before true stomach
• feeding microbes first
• most breakdown happening before site of absorption

Question 14

true non-ruminants

Answer 14

• simple stomach (monogastric)

Question 15

what are the classifications based on anatomy

Answer 15

• ruminants and foregut fermenters
• true non-ruminants
• hindgut fermenters

Question 16

hindgut fermenters

Answer 16

• behind the gut
• normal and simple stomach
• larger cecum
• use of microbes different
• lot of absorption in large intestine

Question 17

examples of hindgut fermenters

Answer 17

• horses
• rabbits
• elephant

Question 18

non ruminant examples

Answer 18

pigs
poultry
dogs
humans

Question 19

non ruminant digestion

Answer 19

• monogastric
• single compartment
• utilize fibrous feeds poorly

Question 20

swine teeth

Answer 20

• prehension
• mastication

Question 21

swine tongue

Answer 21

• prehension
• mastication and mixing
• taste

Question 22

swine salivary glands

Answer 22

• 3 paired glands (6 total) that secrete saliva
• saliva contains bicarbonate (buffer), salts, SALIVARY AMYLAS (breaks down starch)

Question 23

swine esophagus

Answer 23

• hollow, muscular tube that transports ingesta from mouth to stomach
• peristaltic contractions that push food down

Question 24

swine stomach

Answer 24

• simple
• stores ingested feed
• muscular movements (physical breakdown)
• secretes gastric juices
• 4 regions

Question 25

what are the 4 regions in a pig's stomach

Answer 25

1. esophageal 2. cardiac 3. fundic gland 4. pyloric gland

Question 26

esophageal region

Answer 26

nonglandular - doesn't secrete anything

Question 27

cardiac region

Answer 27

cells produce mucin

Question 28

funic gland region

Answer 28

- active region of stomach - parietal cells (HCl) - chief cells (enzymes or enzyme precursors)

Question 29

pyloric gland region

Answer 29

- mucin and some proteolytic enzymes - becomes mucus to protect - located at based where it attaches to stomach

Question 30

what are the parts of the swine small intestine

Answer 30

1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum walls lined with villi

Question 31

Duodenum

Answer 31

active site of digestion - closest to stomach - enzymatic digestion

Question 32

Jejunum

Answer 32

active in nutrient absorption - main site of absorption

Question 33

Ileum

Answer 33

active in nutrient absorption

Question 34

villi

Answer 34

have own capillary network and lymph system - provide more surface area

Question 35

enterocyte

Answer 35

absorptive cell of the SI - digestive cell

Question 36

swine large intestine

Answer 36

- cecum - colon - rectum

Question 37

cecum

Answer 37

little significance in pig - any fermentation happens here

Question 38

colon

Answer 38

largest portion of large intestine - up take of minerals and water

Question 39

function of large intestine

Answer 39

- site of water reabsorption - secretion of some minerals - storage reservoir of undigested material - bacterial fermentation - limited absorption of nutrients