Lecture 8 Part 1

Question 1

lipids

Answer 1

• organic compound that contains more C and H in proportion to O
• insoluble in water
• soluble in organic solvents
• source of essential FA
• concentrated form of energy
• necessary for fat soluble vitamins

Question 2

what are the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

A
D
K
E

Question 3

how much more energy do lipids have than CHO

Answer 3

2.5x

Question 4

why do lipids have so much more energy

Answer 4

because of structure
- high ratio of C and H to O

Question 5

what types of bonds are the main sources of energy for lipids

Answer 5

carbon-carbon
carbon-hydrogen

Question 6

what are the three types of lipids

Answer 6

1. simple: esters of fatty acids with alcohol
2. compound: simple lipid + non-lipid component
3. sterols: lipids wit complex ring structure

Question 7

simple lipids

Answer 7

• fats and oils= esters of FA + glycerol
• waxes= esters of FA + glycerol

Question 8

compound lipids

Answer 8

• glycolipids= cellular markers
• phospholipid= cell membranes
• lipoprotein: key to transporting lipids via the blood

Question 9

sterols

Answer 9

hormones like cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone

Question 10

cholesterol

Answer 10

precursor to development of other hormones

Question 11

what are fats and oils considered

Answer 11

triglycerides

Question 12

what determines physical properties of lipids

Answer 12

chain length
degree of saturation

Question 13

TG

Answer 13

triglyceride

Question 14

TG of C10:0 or longer =

Answer 14

solid at room temp

Question 15

TG of less than C10=

Answer 15

liquid at room temp

Question 16

why do dietary fats contain more than 10 different fatty acids

Answer 16

because usually more complex

Question 17

fats

Answer 17

• solid at room temp
• animal sources
• more saturated FA

Question 18

oil

Answer 18

• liquid at room temp
• plant sources
• more unsaturated FA

Question 19

what are the exceptions to saturated and unsaturated

Answer 19

• margin: plant source but solid
• coconut oil: plant source but solid

Question 20

saturated (SFA)

Answer 20

• carbon linked to carbon via single bond
• each carbon in fatty acid chain saturated with hydrogen

Question 21

what is the structure of saturated fatty acids

Answer 21

stack tightly together, line up in straight chains, and are solid at room temp

Question 22

unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)

Answer 22

• at least one double bond between two carbons in chain
• not saturated with hydrogen

Question 23

what do the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids create

Answer 23

bends in the FA chain which creates pockets of airspace between FA

Question 24

what are the saturated fatty acids

Answer 24

myristic= 14:0
palmitic= 16:0
stearic= 18:0

Question 25

what are the unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 25

oleic= 18:1

Question 26

what are the polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 26

linoleic= 18:2 linolenic= 18:3 arachidonic= 20:4

Question 27

what is the 1st and 2nd number in chemical shorthand

Answer 27

1st number= # carbon 2nd number= # double bonds

Question 28

PUFA

Answer 28

polyunsaturated fatty acid - greater than 1 double bonds

Question 29

EFA

Answer 29

dietary essential fatty acid that must be consumed via diet - Maintenace of skin integrity in non-ruminants

Question 30

what are the 2 EFA's

Answer 30

linoleic linolenic

Question 31

what are the 4 physiological functions of TG

Answer 31

1. cellular energy 2. serve as carrier for fat soluble vitamins 3. source of dietary essential fatty acids 4. insulation and protection

Question 32

cellular energy

Answer 32

- CHO primary source of dietary energy for livestock - surplus CHO into body--> animal stores extra energy as adipose tissue

Question 33

carrier for fat soluble vitamins

Answer 33

absorbed along with fats from small intestine

Question 34

what does removing fat in diet do

Answer 34

limit bodies ability to absorb fat soluble vitamins

Question 35

why are EFA's needed

Answer 35

- animals cannot make 2 fatty acids from precursors - healthy cell membranes - making various hormone like compounds

Question 36

why is insulation and protection needed

Answer 36

- protects from cold temps as energy reserve and insulation) - cushions and protects internal organs