Lecture 7

Question 1

What are the three branches of the cranial nerves

Answer 1

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Question 2

__________________ is a terminal branch of the trigeminal nerve (along with the maxillary and mandibular nerves). It provides sensory innervation to the skin, mucous membranes and sinuses of the upper face and scalp.

Answer 2

The ophthalmic nerve (CNV1)

Question 3

________________ carries sensory information from the lower eyelid and cheek, the nares and upper lip, the upper teeth and gums, the nasal mucosa, the palate and roof of the pharynx, the maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and parts of the meninges

Answer 3

The maxillary nerve

Question 4

_______________ is a terminal branch of the trigeminal nerve (along with the maxillary and ophthalmic nerves). It has a sensory role in the head, and is associated with parasympathetic fibres of other cranial nerves.

Answer 4

mandibular nerve

Question 5

__________ supply sensory innervation of the face and tongu. Cell bodies found in trigeminal ganglion

Answer 5

somatic sensory neurons

Question 6

What is the function of somatic motor neurons in the trinomial nerve

Answer 6

chew/ move mouth

Question 7

What are the 3 functions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 7

• facial expression
• visceral motor
• Innervates taste buds

Question 8

What is the function of the somatic motor neurons in the facial nerve 7

Answer 8

innervate muscles and fascial expression

Question 9

In facial nerve 7, ________________ is made of 2 parasympathetic ganglia related to CN 7 and is marked by asterisks. Postgaglionic neurons innervate salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and glands on the nose

Answer 9

visceral motor neurons

Question 10

______________________ sensory information from the taste buds on anterior surfaces of the tongue. CN7

Answer 10

special sensory neurons

Question 11

_____________ in CN 9 this nerve innervates 1 muscle of the pharynx

Answer 11

somatic motor neurons

Question 12

Where is the pharynx

Answer 12

posterior to the nasal and oral cavity

Question 13

____________ in CN9 there is 1 parasympathetic ganglion, the otic ganglion, related to CN 9, post ganglionic neurons innervated salivary glands

Answer 13

visceral motor neurons

Question 14

________________ conduct taste and general sensation from posterior tongue and oral cavity

Answer 14

special and general sensory neurons

Question 15

what are the 3 special functions of the glossopharngia, nerve

Answer 15

• initiates swallowing
• Initiates salva production
• supples taste buds

Question 16

_________________________ CN 10 innervate muscles of larynx and pharynx and are involved in swallowing

Answer 16

somatic motor neurons

Question 17

___________________- CN 10 preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in dorsal nucleus of the vagus, provide parasympathetic innervation of body. Post ganglionic neurons in or near targets

Answer 17

visceral motor neurons

Question 18

_____________________ CN10 sensory afferents form thoracic and abdominal viscera, including carotid body also component of CN 9

Answer 18

visceral sensory neurons

Question 19

What are the 3 special functions of the vagus nerve

Answer 19

• the wander: it integrates the heart, lungs, and other viscera
• sensory afferent of other organs

Question 20

What in olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium detect odors

Answer 20

cilia detect odors

Question 21

_________________ unusual neurons that die throughout life and are continually generated from stem cells in the olfactory epithelium

Answer 21

olfactory receptor cells

Question 22

olfactory receptor cells project axons through the skull into olfactory bulb where they synapse with _________________ Axons of ____________________________ project in olfactory tract to olfactory cortex

Answer 22

mitral cells.

Question 23

What is the optical nerve #

Answer 23

CN 2

Question 24

_________________ is continuous with the dura mater

Answer 24

outer external fibrous layer

Question 25

_____________ is the tough, thickest layer of connective tissue

Answer 25

sclera

Question 26

____________________ this, avascular tissue that lets light in

Answer 26

cornea

Question 27

__________________ coresponds with arachnoid and Pia mater. The vascular layer is composed of thee choroid cilliary body and the iris.

Answer 27

middle vascular layer

Question 28

__________ covers the smooth muscle

Answer 28

iris

Question 29

the size of the pupil is controlled by the __________________

Answer 29

autonomic nervous system

Question 30

______________________ is innervated by parasympathetic nerve

Answer 30

circular smooth muscle constricts the pupil

Question 31

_______________ innervated by sympathetic nerve

Answer 31

radial smooth muscle

Question 32

________________ photoreceptors along the inner layer of the retina

Answer 32

inner sensory layer

Question 33

light absorbing pigment ________________ is contained in the ___________________

Answer 33

rhodopsin | rod photorecepters

Question 34

A change in membrane potential of the photoreceptors is the signal transmitted to retinal ganglion cells

Answer 34

retinal ganglion cells

Question 35

axons of retinal ganglion cells project out of the eye forming the _____________

Answer 35

optic nerve

Question 36

axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the ________________________

Answer 36

lateral vehicular nucleus

Question 37

________________ is the thalamic sensory relay for the visual system

Answer 37

lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 38

lateral geniculate neurons project axons to

Answer 38

the primary visual system

Question 39

nasal and temporal halves of retina project to form the ________________

Answer 39

visual cortex

Question 40

axons form nasal retinal ganglion cells cross in the ______________

Answer 40

optic chasm

Question 41

axons from the temporal retinal ganglion cells project

Answer 41

ipsilaterally

Question 42

______________ located in the back off the eye. It is the second cranial nerve

Answer 42

optic nerve

Question 43

________________ the area that cross the information crosses on the backside of the brain

Answer 43

pituitary tumor near the optic chasm

Question 44

outer and middle ear divide into

Answer 44

tympanic membrane

Question 45

middle ear its an air filled space contained 3 small bones

Answer 45

incus, malleus, stapes

Question 46

________________ links middle ear with pharynx- site of ear infections (Otis media)

Answer 46

auditory tube

Question 47

middle and inner ears separated by

Answer 47

oval window

Question 48

semicircular ducts in the _________________

Answer 48

semicircular canals

Question 49

cochlear ducts in

Answer 49

cochlea

Question 50

primary sensory neurons conveys signals from _______________ via __________________

Answer 50

receptors in the brainstem | via cholera division

Question 51

most axons of _________________ neurons cross at this level of the medulla dn project rostrally to the ________________ wire they synapse

Answer 51

cochlear nuclei | inferior colliculi

Question 52

Neurons in both inferior colliculi project axons to the _____________________ medial geenicular nucleus contralateral to where the original signal was received

Answer 52

medical vehicular nucleus

Question 53

neurons in the medial geniculate project axons to the _____________________

Answer 53

primary auditory cortex

Question 54

________________________ in the brainstem are important to the ability of the auditory system to localize sound

Answer 54

Bilateral projection

Question 55

_________________ anterograde, will transport to the primary auditory cortex

Answer 55

biotinlated dextran

Question 56

______________________ retrograde transport, moves toward the location at which the sound was detected.

Answer 56

horse radish peroxidase