Lecture 9 Flashcards

(59 cards)

1
Q

What is the conducting zone

A

the nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree

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2
Q

What are the functions of the conducting zone

A

allows air while away and asleep
warms and filters air
conducts speech

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3
Q

What is midline of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal septum

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4
Q

What is superior line of the nasal cavity?

A

cribriform plate

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5
Q

What is the inferior line of the nasal cavity?

A

hard and soft plate

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6
Q

What is lateral line of the nasal cavity?

A

3 conchae, each with meaatus below

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7
Q

What lines the nasal cavity

A

respiratory epithelium

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8
Q

What epithelial cells are in the nasal cavity

A

columnar epithelium with cilia

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9
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity secrete mucus

A

mucous cellos

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10
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity secret a watery substance with digestive enzymes

A

serous cells

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11
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity are an extra cellular matrix for epithelium

A

basal lamina

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12
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity act as a supporting system for epithelium

A

lamina propia

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13
Q

___________ is the 6 inch skeletal muscle tube connecting nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

A

pharynx

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14
Q

_____________- serves only for air and food passage, posterior to nasal cavity, auditory tube, lined with respiratory type epithelium

A

nasopharynx

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15
Q

_______________ serves for air and food passage , posterior to oral cavity, extends from soft palate to epeiglottis

A

oropharynx

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16
Q

during swallowing _______________ moves superiorly to keep food out of nasal cavity

A

soft palate

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17
Q

The epithelium in the eorropharynx is different from columnar eepithelium it is now ______________

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

__________________ framework of cartilage suspended from the hyoid bone

A

larynx

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19
Q

What are the 3 functions of the larynx

A
  • sound production
  • another airway
  • switching mechanism food/air
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20
Q

_____________ is inferior to mandible in anterior part of jaw, is a c shaped bone attached to tongue, neck muscles move it up and down

A

hyoid bone

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21
Q

__________ is c shaped cartilage seen externally as an Adams apple and is attached to the hyoid bone by the ethyrohyoid bone. Large in males after puberty

A

thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

ring shaped cartilage, anchored to thyroid cartilage by crcothyroid membrane

A

cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

__________ spoon shaped elastic cartilage. Stalk attached anterior thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, and base of the tongue

A

epiglottis

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24
Q

what are the 3 functions of the epiglottis

A
  1. keeps airway open
  2. closes airway during swallowing
  3. reflex cough to expel things out of airway
25
____________________ most important of the 3 pairs of small cartilages-
arytenoid cartilages
26
vocal ligaments are attached to _________ anteriorly and ____________ posteriorly
thyroid cartilage | arytenoid cartilage
27
____________ cover the vocal ligament. These are the vocal cords
avascular mucosal folds
28
skeletal muscles intrinsic to the larynx move arytenoids to change the size of the _________________
glottis
29
__________ is the opening between the two vocal cords
glottis
30
somatic motor neurons innervate for intrinsic laryngea muscles from the _____________
vegas nerve
31
_________________- is c shaped cartilage that is incomplete. The esophagus lays posterior to this
trachea
32
what type of epithelium in trachea
psedustratified ciliated epithelium
33
what does the techie eventually divide into
right and left bronchi
34
________________ enters right lung and has 3 lobes
right primary bronchus. Is short and wide
35
________________ enters the left lung and has 2 lobes
left primary bronchi
36
_________________- are broken off from primary bronchi
secondary or lobar bronchi
37
____________________ form bronchopulomary segments. There are 10 per lung, and each ventilates aa separate segment of the lung
tertiary bronchi
38
_________ are less than 1mm in diameter
brinchiiioles
39
___________- are less than 0.5 mm in diameter- structural changes as the tubes get smaller
terminal bronchioles
40
What are the epithelial changes as we move from bronchioles to terminal bronchioles
it becomes thin and simple. mucus stops being secreted
41
What are the smooth muscles changes
smooth muscle increase. Sympathetic innervation causes airways to open, parasympathetic innervation causes innervation of constricting pathways
42
area for gas exchange is _______________
alveoli
43
___________ surround alveoli and are involved in gas exchange
capillaries
44
thoracic cavity is divided into 2 cavities
pleural, pericardial
45
pleural cavity is lined with
parietal anad visceral cavity
46
-______ lines the rib cage
parietal pleura
47
________________ aatxaahced to the Lung
visceral Plura
48
____________ space between pleura that allows lungs to inflate
pleura cavity
49
what is the function of the pleural fluid
to lubricate and aid in lung movement
50
_______________ hold the lungs and allows then to expand in chest wall
Negative intrapleural pressure
51
_______ is a skeletal muscle innervated by the phrenic nerve
diaphragm
52
_________ allow ribs to expand and contract when breathing
external intercostal muscles
53
Expiration is
passive at rest
54
force expiration
requires muscles and energy
55
respiratory center in the ________ has pacemaker neurons that fire spontaneously and control rhythmic breathing
medulla
56
diaphragm innervated by somatic motor neurons form the ____________
phrenic naves
57
____________ is the strong contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and increased inflammation
asthma
58
_________ can relax the smooth muscles around the bronchioles during an attack
inhaled drugs. anti-inflammatory is used long term
59
_________________ associated with smoking, iT is chronic inflammation and irreversible destruction oof elasticity in lung tissues. Permanent enlargement and deterioration of alveoli
emphysema