Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology exam 5 (shelby) > Lecture 70 > Flashcards

Lecture 70 Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of cortisol are described as

A

permissive; Doesn’t directly initiate actions but allows critical processes to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F Cortisol amplifies actions of other hormones

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_________ form of cortisol is biologically active

A

Only free cortisol is biologically active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ are the net effects of cortisol

A

Net effects are catabolic!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Effects of cortisol on energy metabolism: Increases blood glucose by (3)

A

Increasing gluconeogenesis, Increasing glucagon release from pancreas to allow glycogenolysis (glucose), Temporarily causing insulin resistance in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

High cortisol causes a release of glucagon from the pancreas which leads to _________ 2 events

A

liver will break down glycogen and increase blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effects of cortisol on energy metabolism: Insulin resistance in tissues means _________ won’t happen

A

tissues won’t take up much glucose so blood glucose will remain high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effects of cortisol on energy metabolism: Insulin resistance in tissues leads to a decrease in translocation of _________

A

glucose transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effects of cortisol on energy metabolism: _________ are the 4 main things that are increased

A

Increases blood glucose, Increases glycogenesis, Increases lipolysis and protein catabolism, Increases appetite, visceral obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Effects of cortisol on energy metabolism: Increases glycogenesis in liver and explain the process/why

A

Because blood glucose is high, eventually insulin: glucose ration increases which starts glycogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Effects of cortisol on energy metabolism: Explain why Increasing glycogenesis in liver is important

A

always need stored glycogen for NE and Epi to act upon leading to a Fight or Flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Effects of cortisol on musculoskeletal system: (Increases/ decreases) protein catabolism

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Effects of cortisol on musculoskeletal system: How is bone affected (3 ways)

A

Inhibits bone formation, Increases bone resorption, Causes osteoporosis (if cortisol is high long-term)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_________ is released during Increased bone resorption

A

calcium and phosphorus is being released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effects of cortisol on musculoskeletal system: How is connective tissue affected (2 ways)

A

Inhibits collagen synthesis, Causes thin skin and fragile capillaries (if cortisol is high long-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effects of cortisol on kidneys and cardiovascular system: How is water balance affected (2 ways)

A

Increases glomerular filtration rate in kidney, Decreases ADH so more dilute urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effects of cortisol on kidneys and cardiovascular system: Helps maintain normal blood _________ and _________

A

blood pressure and volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Effects of cortisol on kidneys and cardiovascular system: _________ kind of receptor is upregulated? _________ does this do?

A

Upregulates _-1 adrenergic receptors - necessary for vasoconstrictive response of arterioles to NE and Epi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Effects of cortisol on the immune system

A

Suppresses immune response; Suppresses prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_________ are some things that are decreased when cortisol effects the immune system

A

neutrophil activity, formation of cytokines, T-lymphocytes, antibody formation (really bad long term)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Specific anti-inflammatory effects _________ is induced? _________ is inhibited?

A

Induced: lipocort inInhibited: production of interleukin-2 and release of histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_________ is lipocortin

A

inhibitor of phosphlipase A2 which decreases precursor for prostaglandins and leukotrienes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_________ is commonly given to suppress/calm immune system and important when it comes to transplants

A

exogenous steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adrenal cortex: where is the Zona reticularis located

A

innermost cortical layer (close to medulla)

25
adrenal cortex: Zona reticularis _________ does it produce
Produces weak androgens like Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, Androstenedione
26
adrenal cortex: Zona reticularis _________ are the weak adrogens converted to
testosterone, estrogen, and peripheral tissues (more important in females since males have their own testosterone)
27
_________ enzyme is needed for androgen pathway
17,20-lyase needed formandrogen pathway
28
_________ effect does cortisol have on glycogenesis on the liver
increase
29
_________ is the common name for hyperadrenocorticism
Cushings syndrome
30
_________ are the causes of Cushings syndrome
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
31
(pituitary tumor that secretes excess ACTH-->excess cortisol)
32
_________ are some clinical signs in dogs with Cushings syndrome
polydipsia, polyuria, panting, obesity, muscle weakness, alopecia, thin skin
33
Cushings syndrome: Because of constant stimulus from cortisol _________ happens to the adrenal glands (regarding size)
they will become enlarged
34
_________ is Pars intermedia dysfunction
common in horses (loss of dopamine inhibition)
35
Adrenal tumors are more common in
large breed dogs, less common in horses (usually unilateral)
36
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia that is related to Cushing's is common in _________ kind of animal
middle to older dogs (breeds including: poodle, boxer, beagle, dachsaunds)
37
Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism normally results from
chronic excessive exogenous steroid administration
38
_________ is the common name for hypoadrenocorticism
Addison's disease
39
Addison's disease is common in _________ kind of animal
Commonly occurs in young to middle-aged dogs, rare in cats
40
_________ are some of the causes of Addison's disease
Causes can be auto-immune, infiltrative disease, idiopathic, iatrogenic steroids
41
_________ are infiltrative diseases
cancers (accumulation or diffusion in cells of adrenal gland of substances not normally found there )
42
Adrenal cortex dysfunctions: With addisons disease you can loose the ability to make _________ or _________
aldosterone or cortisol
43
Adrenal cortex dysfunctions: _________ does a loss of aldosterone do to: K, Blood volume, Na
K: increased; Blood volume: decreased; Na: decreased (bradycardia, irregular heartbeat, circulatory collapse); CAN CAUSE DEATH
44
Adrenal cortex dysfunctions: Loss of cortisol causes a decrease in
Decreased, gluconeogenesis, and blood glucose
45
_________ is the treatment for Addisons disease (4)
saline dextrose, dexamethasone, insulin (as long as you give glucose), mineral corticoid
46
_________ are the forms of Hyperaldosteronism
Primary form vs. secondary form
47
_________ is primary form of Hyperaldosteronism
idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (bilateral); tumor could be unilateral or bilateral
48
_________ is secondary form of Hyperaldosteronism
secondary to liver disease, kidney disease, etc.
49
_________ system does secondary form of Hyperaldosteronism activate
RASS
50
Hyperaldosteronism is more common in _________ animal
cats
51
_________ is the treatment for Hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
52
_________ are the clinical signs of Hyperaldosteronism (2)
increased ECF volume; increased renal perfusion pressure
53
Alopecia X is the common name for
atypical hyperadrenocorticism
54
Hair cycle arrest, GH responsive alopecia, and castration responsive alopecia are all other names for
Alopecia X (atypical hyperadrenocorticism)
55
_________ is the issue regarding atypical hyperadrenocorticism (Alopecia X)
Elevation in androgens and/or sex steroids
56
_________ kind of animal is affected by atypical hyperadrenocorticism (Alopecia X)
Pomeranians, poodles, Yorkies, Nordic breeds (Affects both sexes, may start as early as 1-year-old)
57
_________ do dogs with atypical hyperadrenocorticism (Alopecia X) look like
they have symmetrical hair loss around trunk and caudal thigh, gaurd hairs lost first (skin very hyperpigmented)
58
which dysfunction is associated with Cushing's disease
adrenal tumor

Physiology exam 5 (shelby) (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions