Legal,administrative and police changes 1799-1815 Flashcards
(16 cards)
When was the civil code issued and what was it?
-March 1804
-It enshrined things already in place from the revolution in law
When did the Civil Code become the Napoleonic code?
-September 1807
What did the Napoleonic code enshrine from the revolution?
-abolition of fedualism and removal of noble and church privilege
-secularization of the state
-equality before the law
-confirmed the rights of the biens nationaux
-continued to support employer over employee and forbade worker’s associations- la chapelier law and livret
Where did the Napoleonic code apply?
-Applied across France and its territories
What did the Napoleonic code do for male and female rights?
-father/husband = head of the family
-children subordinate to head of the family until marriage or men = 25 and daughters 21- could be put in prison for defiance
-divorce difficult
-female inheritance was restricted
-system of partage - wealth distributed equally across the family not just eldest son (AR)
What other codes were brought to France after the Napoleonic code?
-code on standardised court procedures (1806)
-commercial code provided guidelines on businesses and trade inc. debt and bankruptcy (1807)
-code on criminal procedure maintained trial by jury (1808) despite NB not liking it and disappeared after 1811
-penal code (1810) which governed punishments - cut right hand before execution for parricide
What judiciary reforms did he make
-opportunity restricted for Bourgeois
-graduation of local magistrates phased out from 1802 and Nb making all direct appoinments - extended their service from 3 to 10 yr
-establishment of special courts in 1801
What reforms did NB make to judges under the constitution of Year VIII?
-Appointed for life
-chosen by NB
What were the 5 branches of local government under NB
-prefects (under minister of interior)
-admistrative police (under ministry of general police)
-gendarmerie (under War minister)
-Courts (under minister of justice)
-Tax bureau (Under minister of finance)
What was the role of the prefects?
-Essentially intendants: in control of local government
-appointed by NB and responsible to minister of the Interior
-one per depeartement and responsible for conscription, tax collection, agriculture, industry, commerce, welfare and education
-“eyes, ears and hands” of NB
What made someone qualified to be a prefect?
-chosen by skill and experience over political views( usually bourgeois or nobility)
-of the 257 prefects from 1800-1812, 68% had been employed in a previous revolutionary government
What were the qualifications to be a gendarme?
-Had to be 1.75m+ tall
-army veteran
What was the role of the gendarme?
What were the procedures for gendarme?
-gendarmes and families kept in barracks away from who they policed
-came from different places in France than where they policed
-gendarmes had smart uniforms and rifles
What were the administrative police?
-civilian police for general surveillance
-gathered information on troublemakers for gendarme to arrest
-took orders from commissaire de police ( 1 per 5000 inhabitants)
Who was minister of general police from 1800-1810 and hwho was it afterwards?
-1800-1810= Fouche
-Fouche replaced by Savary
