The origins and impact of war Flashcards
(24 cards)
What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
-It was a letter asking foreign powers to help Louis as the situation in France was a threat to all monarchies
- stated that the King’s powers in France should be restored
-said that they were willing to use force
When was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued?
-27 August 1791
Who issued the Declaration of Pillnitz?
-Austrian Emperor Leopold II
- William-Frederick III of Prussia
How many army officers left to join emigres forces by the end of 1791?
-60% of all army officers (6000)
What city in Germany became a meeting point for Counter-Revolutionary activity?
-Coblenz
Who led the counter-revolutionary military activity in Coblenz?
-LXVI’s younger brothers - Artois and Provence
What was the significance of the Declaration Pillnitz?
-Insignificant in France;
-However, used by radicals to show Louis cannot be trusted
-Parisians and NCA feared emigres forces were building up on French boarders– started to contemplate war
What were the first 2 decrees of the Legislative reform?
-9 November: a decree against emigres which threatened banishment and seizure of property if they did not return by January 1792
-29 November: a decree demanding that refractory priests take the oath or be branded as traitors
a)What did Louis do to the first decrees of the LA and b) consequence of this?
a) Used his suspensory veto on both
b) Made people link him closer to the enemy and could not be trusted
Who was in favour for war and why?
-Brissot and Girondins: thought preemptive strike would be successful and would force Louis to reveal his true position
-Military generals: Lafayette and Demouriez (Girondin)- thought short successful war would strength the King + stabilise CM
-Republicans: Victory would deter the threat of emigres and create unity
-Louis: win-win situation
Who was against war and why?
-Robespierre: did not trust generals - would lead to a “messiah in army boots”
-Also thought France would lose
-Feuillants: regarded peace as important and preserving the gains of the revolution
-Barnave retired from politics in fearing the consequnces of war
How many deputies voted against war?
7/745
When did France declare war on Austria?
-20th April 1792
When did Prussia join the war against France?
-June 1792
What was a reasons for the French army’s weakness?
Did the war start well for France?
-NO:
-Setback in Lille on the 28th April saw French soldiers retreat and kill one of their own officers ( shows the distrust)
What 3 reforms May and June were vetoed by Louis after the war started badly and CRs were scapegoated?
-27 May: assembly voted for the deportation of refractory priests
-29 May: the disbanding of the King’s guardsman after they appeared to be celebrating military setbacks
8 June: The assembly passed
What were the federes?
-Volunteer soldiers from the provinces that were brought to Paris
a)What did Louis do on the 13th June and b) consequences?
a)Dismissed all his pro-war ministers (after he half-heartedly appointed them
b) Looks like he is not supporting the war effort
What did the war do to rabble rousers?
-Made them even more pronounced and they thrived on the discontent of the masses and inspired action in the 20th June journee
What was declared on the 11 July 1792?
-La patrie en danger: a call to arms to support the war effort
a)What did Lafayette ask the LA to do in May and b) consequences?
a) enter peace negotiations
b) Made lafayette look like a Counter-revolutionary
a)What was the Brunswick manifesto and b) when was it written and when did it arrive in Paris?
a)it was a manifesto to Parisians that stated all captured NG would be killed
-That if any harm befell LXVI France would suffer
-Said that France should free LXVI and protect him
b) Written on the 25th July and arrived on the 1st of August (just in time for Robespierre’s passionate speeches that a republic should be declared)
When did Lafayette defect?
-19 August 1792
