Political change 1799-1815 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What were the beliefs of the Jacobin towards NB?
-Wanted a democratic republic
-Believed NB’s accumulation of power was a betrayal of revolutionary principles
How did Napoleon use repression against the Jacobin
-imposed strict censorship over Jacobin
-in 1801, 129 Jacobin leaders had been arrested and deported to the Seychelles and Guiana
-Jacobins were wrongly accused of being part of a fialed dagger conspiracy to kill NB
-Were wrongly blamed for the “infernal machine” on the 24 December 1800( the bomb) which was used in an attempt to assassinate NB (royalists were behind it - bomb killed 39-78 people but probably exaggerated to attack Jacobinism more
How did Napoleon use reconciliation (ralliement) against the Jacobins?
-Protected the interests of the biens nationaux
-Appointed Fouche as minister of Police
What were the beliefs of the royalists in France?
-reverse the changes of the revolution ( which they felt Nb was maintaining)
-Favoured a return to the Bourbon dynasty
How did NB use repression against the royalists?
-NB made it clear that Louis XVIII and Phillip d’Orleans were not be able to return to France
-General Brune was sent to to deal with those who did not agree to NB’s truce
-In Brittany, 6000 chouan prisoners were taken and 750 were shot in 1800
-NB’s spy network (wrongly) reported that Bourbon prince duc d’Enghien who lived 15km away from french boarder and in touch with emigres:
he was kidnapped and taken to Strasbourg where he was killed
How did Napoleon use reconciliation with royalists?
-Gave amnesty to rebels in the West in January 1800 who were willing to stop fighting and give him support which won him support from royalist leaders (HOWEVER WAS SHORT-LIVED)
-NB promised to protect Catholicism
-Made overtures to emigres and refractory priests that said they would help him
-old nobility were allowed positions in the state
-140,000 emigres returned to France by 1802
What were the beliefs of the Liberals and 2 examples of them?
-Believed that Nb was creating a dictatorship
-Did not believe in mob rule and feared lower classes
-Wanted a constitution that enshrined freedom of speech and press
-Benjamin Constant
-Madame de Stael- Constant’s mistress and Necker’s daughter and established a salon
How did Napoleon treat Liberals with repression?
-Writer Madame de Staael and Benjamin Constant were banished 64km out of Paris in 1803
-NB imposed heavy censorship on liberals and propaganda in media to promote the idea of him as an alternative
-Censorship and propaganda made it impossible to coordinate their opposition to NB
How did Napoleon treat Liberals with reconciliation?
-NB was a better alternative to royalists and neo-Jacobin which helped him win support from liberals.
-NB wooed them with stability abroad and at home by ending royalist uprisings and securing their interests
When did NB make himself consul for life?
-1802 in the constitution of Year X - received a plebiscite result 3.5m vs.8,000
When did NB make himself Emperor?
-1804 in the constitution of Year XII (Another plebiscite 3.5m vs. 2,000)
- crowned himself on the 2 December 1804 with Pope Pius VII watching
How did NB change the constitutional bodies??
-Purged the senate, Tribunate and legislative body: removed 20 from the Tribunate which was split into 3 and removed 60 from legislature after facing criticism between Jan-March 1802 (Tribunate was abolished in 1810)
-Changed voting rights in the Constitution X to benefit wealthier “notables”
-Began blocking Tribunate and Legislative body from January 1801 using senatus consultum as he had senate on his side through giving them rewards
