The White Terror

Question 1

When was the White Terror

Answer 1

-April 1794

Question 2

What was the aims of the White Terror?

Answer 2

-Series of purges to take action against old Jacobins

Question 3

What two groups were involved in the White Terror

Answer 3

-Muscadins/jeunesse doree (gilded youth): wore musk perfume and young bourgeois men - encouraged by Freron to destroy the Jacobin clun

-Chouans

Question 4

Where was the White Terror centred?

Answer 4

-Paris
-Vendee
-Lyon and Rhone Valley (South East)
-Marseilles
-Toulon

Question 5

Give stats to identify how violent the White Terror was?

Answer 5

-2000 killed in south east in 1793
-In 1795, prison murders in Lyon killed hundreds
-Marseilles suspects were arrested and then killed

Question 6

Who was exiled to Guyana out of the old Convention?

Answer 6

-d’Herbois
-Barere
-Billaud-Varenne

Question 7

Who was Freron and how did he escape punishment?

Answer 7

-Freron = ex-jacobin who turned against them to save himself

Question 8

What increased fears of royalism?

Answer 8

-Comte de Provence (LXVI’s brother) declared the restoration of the monarchy in the Verona Declaration of June 1795

-Comte d’Artois also linked up with Chouan rebels in Brittany supporting Britain invasion there

Question 9

What battle did Hoche win on French soil?

Answer 9

-General Hoche defeated a rising at Quiberon bay in southern Brittany resulting in execution of 700 rebels

Question 10

What helped to diminish Royalism returning?

Answer 10

-oath of loyalty in February 1795 from clergyman to state was reintroduced

-success at war: recapture of Austrian Netherlands and United Provinces was turned in the Batavian republic
-Prussians opted out in April (peace of Basel)
-Spain forced to become allies in July

Question 11

Is the name of White Terror misleading?

Answer 11

YES:
-Terror was not very centralised or especially violent
-“White” is the colour of the Bourbon dynasty but the White Terror was not predominately royalist and involved others