Lower Extremity, Topnotch Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Innervation to the anterior thigh muscles
A
Femoral nerve
2
Q
Quadriceps muscles (4)
A
1) Vastus lateralis
2) Vastus intermedius
3) Vastus medialis
4) Rectus femoris
3
Q
Iliopsoas muscles (3)
A
1) Psoas major
2) Psoas minor
3) Iliacus
4
Q
Common innervation of quadriceps muscles
A
Femoral nerve
5
Q
ASIS is origin of what muscle
A
Sartorius
6
Q
AIIS is origin of what muscle
A
Rectus femoris
7
Q
Common insertion of iliopsoas muscles
A
Lesser trochanter
8
Q
Common insertion of adductor muscles of leg
A
Linea aspera
9
Q
Common insertion of hamstrings
A
Adductor tubercle of femur
10
Q
Hamstring muscles (4)
A
1) Semitendinosus
2) Semimebranosus
3) Adductor magnus
4) Biceps femoris
11
Q
Common origin of hamstrings EXCEPT short head of biceps femoris
A
Ischial tuberosity
12
Q
Origin of short head of biceps femoris
A
Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
13
Q
Adductor canal: Runs from ___ to ___
A
Apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus tendon
14
Q
Gluteal region: Superficial muscles
A
Gluteus maximus
15
Q
Gluteal region: Intermediate muscles (2)
A
1) Gluteus medius
2) Gluteus minimus
16
Q
Gluteal region: Deep group
A
1) Piriformis
2) Obturator internus
3) Superior and inferior gemelli
4) Quadratus femoris
17
Q
Gluteal region, muscle group-action: Superficial
A
Extensor of thigh
18
Q
Gluteal region, muscle group-action: Intermediate
A
Abductor and medial rotator of thigh
19
Q
Gluteal region, muscle group-action: Deep group
A
Lateral rotator of thigh
20
Q
Common origin of gluteal muscles
A
Outer surface of ilium
21
Q
Common insertion of gluteal muscles EXCEPT gluteus maximus and quadrates femoris
A
Greater trochanter of femur
22
Q
Insertion of gluteus maximus
A
Iliotibial tract (tensor fascia lata)
23
Q
Insertion of quadrates femoris
A
Quadratus tubercle
24
Q
Muscles that act at thigh: Flexion
A
Anterior compartment
25
Muscles that act at thigh: Extension
Posterior compartment + gluteus maximus
26
Muscles that act at thigh: Adduction
Medial compartment
27
Muscles that act at thigh: Abduction
Gluteus medius and minimus
28
Muscles that act at thigh: Medial rotation
Gluteus medius and minimus
29
Muscles that act at thigh: Lateral rotation
GQ POG
30
Nerve paralysis: Waddling gate
Superior gluteal nerve
31
Lumbar plexus: Formed within what muscle
Psoas major
32
Lumbar plexus: Nerve roots
Anterior rami of L1-4
33
Iliohypogastric nerve: Root
L1
34
Iliohypogastric nerve: Emerges from
Lateral border of psoas
35
Iliohypogastric nerve: Runs in front of
Quadratus lumborum
36
Iliohypogastric nerve: Supplies
Skin of lower anterior abdominal wall
37
Ilioinguinal nerve: Root
L1
38
Ilioinguinal nerve: Emerges from
Lateral border of psoas
39
Ilioinguinal nerve: Runs in front of
Quadratus lumborum
40
Ilioinguinal nerve: Passes into
Inguinal canal
41
Ilioinguinal nerve: Supplies
Skin of groin and scrotum/labia majora
42
Genitofemoral nerve: Emerges from
Anterior surface of psoas
43
Genitofemoral nerve: Root
L1-2
44
Genitofemoral nerve: Genital branch supplies
Cremaster muscle
45
Genitofemoral nerve: Femoral branch supplies
Skin of thigh
46
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Root
L2-3
47
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Emerges from
Lateral border of psoas
48
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Crosses the
Iliacus
49
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Enters the thigh behind
Inguinal ligament
50
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Supplies
Skin over lateral surface of thigh
51
Femoral nerve: Root
L2,3,4
52
Femoral nerve: Emerges from
Lateral border of psoas
53
Femoral nerve: Supplies
1) Anterior compartment of thigh
| 2) Skin on anteromedial aspect of thigh and medial foot
54
Obturator nerve: Root
L2,3,4
55
Obturator nerve: Emerges from
Medial border of psoas
56
Obturator nerve: Supplies
1) Medial compartment of thigh
| 2) Skin on medial aspect of thigh
57
Largest branch of lumbar plexus
Lumbar nerve
58
Lumbosacral plexus: Lies in front of
Piriformis
59
Lumbosacral plexus: Formed by
Anterior rami of L4-5, S1-4
60
Largest branch of lumbosacral plexus
Sciatic nerve
61
Sciatic nerve: Root
L4-5, S1-3
62
Lumbosacral plexus: Branches to the lower limb
1) Sciatic
2) Superior gluteal
3) Inferior gluteal
4) Nerve to quadratus femoris
5) Nerve to obturator internus
6) Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
63
Lumbosacral plexus: Branches to the pelvis and perineum
PPPP
1) Pudendal
2) Pelvic splanchnic
3) Piriformis, nerve to
4) Perforating cutaneous nerve
64
Pudendal nerve: Roots
S2,3,4
65
Pelvic splanchnic nerve, Roots
S2,3,4
66
Perforating cutaneous nerve supplies
Lower medial part of buttocks
67
Largest nerve in the body
Sciatic nerve
68
Sciatic nerve supplies
1) Skin of leg and foot
| 2) Muscles of posterior thigh
69
Nerve paralysis: (+) Trendelenburg sign
Superior gluteal nerve
70
Nerve paralysis: Difficulty in extending thigh at hip as in climbing stairs or rising from a chair
Inferior gluteal nerve
71
Nerve paralysis: Gluteus maximus gait
Inferior gluteal nerve
72
Gait in which patient thrusts the torso posteriorly in an attempt to counteract weakness of affected muscle
Gluteus maximus gait
73
Nerve paralysis: Foot drop
Sciatic nerve/common peroneal
74
Nerve paralysis: Compression due to posterior dislocation of femur
Sciatic nerve
75
Most commonly compressed nerve roots of sciatic nerve
L5-S1
76
Syndrome in which involved muscle places pressure and irritates the sciatic nerve causing pain in the buttocks and referred pain along course of sciatic nerve
Piriformis syndrome
77
Pain that radiates down he back of thigh into lower back
Sciatica
78
Nerve paralysis: Abscess of psoas major muscle
Femoral nerve
79
Nerve paralysis: Pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot
Saphenous nerve
80
Nerve paralysis: Sites of injury, saphenous nerve
1) Surgical removal of saphenous vein
| 2) Lacerated as it pierces the wall of the adductor canal
81
Obturator nerve is most commonly injured at the
Pelvis
82
Nerve paralysis: Inability to adduct thigh at hip
Obturator nerve
83
Nerve paralysis: Paresthesia at the medial thigh
Obturator nerve
84
Femur: Normal neck shaft angle in young child
160 degrees
85
Femur: Normal neck shaft angle in young adult
125 degrees
86
Femur: Decreased neck shaft angle
Coxa vara
87
Femur: Increased neck shaft angle
Coxa valga
88
Femur: Fracture of shaft, position of proximal fragment
1) Flexed by iliopsoas
2) Abducted by gluteus medius
3) Laterally rotated by gluteus maximus
89
Femur: Fracture of shaft, position of distal fragment
1) Pulled up by hamstrings and quadriceps
| 2) Adducted by adductor muscles
90
Femur: Neck fracture, position of femur
1) Shortened
2) Pulled upward by quads, hamstrings, and adductors
3) Laterally rotated
91
Subcapital vs trochanteric neck fracture: Elderly
Subcapital
92
Subcapital vs trochanteric neck fracture: Young
Trochanteric
93
Major blood supply to the femoral head
Medial femoral circumflex
94
Most common direction of femoral head dislocation
Posterior
95
Triceps surae muscles
1) Gastrocnemius
| 2) Soleus
96
How many layers of muscle does the foot have
4
97
All sole muscles are innervated by lateral plantar nerve except
???
98
Dorsalis pedis artery pulse, landmark
Between the malleoli or 1st inter metatarsal space
99
Posterior tibial artery pulse, between tendons of
FDL and FHL
100
Lateral cutaneous nerve of leg is a branch of
Common peroneal nerve
101
Superficial peroneal nerve of leg is a branch of
Common peroneal nerve
102
Saphenous nerve is a branch of
Femoral nerve
103
Muscles: Evert and plantar flex the foot
Peroneus muscles
104
Muscles: Invert and plantar flex the foot
Tibialis muscles
105
Nerve: Posterior compartment of leg
Tibial nerve
106
Nerve: Lateral compartment of leg
Superficial peroneal
107
Nerve: Anterior compartemtn of leg
Deep peroneal
108
Nerve: Plantarflexion of foot
Tibial nerve
109
Nerve: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot
Superficial peroneal
110
Nerve: Dorsiflexion of foot
Deep peroneal
111
Nerve paralysis: Can't stand on tiptoes
Tibial nerve
112
Most frequently injured nerve in the lower limb
Common peroneal
113
Nerve paralysis: Compressed at neck of fibula
Common peroneal
114
Nerve paralysis: Paresthesia of skin of webbed space between great toe and second toe
Deep peroneal
115
Nerve paralysis: Steppage gait
Common peroneal
116
Type of joint between femur and tibia
Synovial hinge
117
Type of joint between patella and femur
Synovial gliding
118
Nerve supply of knee joint
1) Femoral
2) Obturator
3) Common peroneal
4) Tibial
119
Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Lax during flexion
ACL
120
Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Lax during extension
PCL
121
Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Prevents forward sliding of tibia on femur
ACL
122
Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Prevents backward sliding of tibia on femur
PCL
123
Terrible triad/Unhappy triad of O' Donoghue
1) ACL
2) MCL
3) Medial meniscus
124
Injury, MCL vs LCL: Forced abduction of tibia on femur
MCL
125
Injury, MCL vs LCL: Forced adduction of tibia on femur
LCL
126
Injury-affected structure/s: Blow to the lateral aspect of knee
1) MCL
| 2) Medial meniscus
127
Injury-affected structure: Blow to anterior aspect of flexed knee
ACL
128
Injury-affected structure: (+) anterior drawer sign
ACL
129
Injury-affected structure: (+) posterior drawer sign
PCL
130
Nerve supply of ankle joint (2)
1) Deep peroneal
| 2) Tibial
131
Talipes calcaneovalgus vs equinovarus: Foot is dorsiflexed and everted
Calcaneovalgus
132
Talipes calcaneovalgus vs equinovarus: Foot is plantar flexed and inverted
Equinovarus
133
Aka clubfoot
Talipes
134
Ultimate lymphatic drainage of lower limb
Deep inguinal nodes
