Measurement of Motor Learning and Performance AEP

Question 1

Concept map: appropriate measurement of motor performance in clinical rehabilitation is necessary to provide a quantitative basis for:

Answer 1

• assessing motor capabilities and limitations
• determining the locus or source of performance limitations
• providing evidence that skill improvement results from your chosen interventions

Question 2

Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #1 =

Answer 2

learning-performance distinction

Question 3

Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #2 =-

Answer 3

performance measures

• outcomes
• production

Question 4

Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #3=

Answer 4

error measurement

Question 5

Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #4=

Answer 5

tests of learning

• retention
• transfer

Question 6

Learning-performance distinction involves what 2 types of characteristics?

Answer 6

performance characteristics and

learning characteristics

Question 7

List 4 performance characteristics:

Answer 7

1. outcome of executing a motor task
2. directly observable or measurable
3. temporary in nature
4. fluctuates in accord with variable that do not affect learning

Question 8

Learning characteristics =

Answer 8

1. not directly observable
2. inferred from performance
3. results from practice
4. relatively permanent change in capacity to perform a given skill

Question 9

If performance is variable, how can we infer that learning has occurred?

1. persistent ___________________
2. increased _____________________
3. stability of _________________
4. ____________________
5. Reduction of ___________________ demand

Answer 9

1. persistent improvement
2. increased consistency
3. stability of performance
4. Adaptability
5. Reduction of attentional demand

Question 10

stability of performance =

Answer 10

performance is stable even with disruptions or changes in external or internal conditions

Question 11

Adaptability =

Answer 11

can apply learned skills in different contexts

Question 12

As a clinician my task is to:

Answer 12

• identify the key features of a skill
• prioritize the performance characteristics most necessary to function in the given environment
• measure the key performance characteristics that indicate the level of mastery and progress

Question 13

Name 2 types of performance measures:

Answer 13

1. outcome measures

2. production measures

Question 14

outcome measures =

Answer 14

indicate the result of performing a motor skill, such as

Question 15

list examples of outcome measures:

Answer 15

• distance walked
• speed of a thrown ball
• distance from a target
• number of successful shots on goal
• gait speed

Question 16

Do outcome measures give info about movements of the head, limbs or body?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

Time to complete a task, # of trials to completion, #/% of errors, time on/off target, time on/off balance, magnitude of error in performing a movement, consistency of errors are all examples of what type of performance measure?

Answer 17

outcome

Question 18

Production measures =

Answer 18

measures characteristics of the movement that produced the outcome

Question 19

The benefit of performance measure is that they can provide information about:

Answer 19

• muscular activity
• limb interaction before/during/ and after a skill
• nervous system function

Question 20

3 performance production measures are:

Answer 20

1. biomechanical measures
2. electromyography (EMG)
3. Brain activity

Question 21

Biomechanical measures involve:

Answer 21

kinematics –> movement

and kinetics –>force

Question 22

Kinematics involve:

Answer 22

• displacement (spatial position)
• velocity (speed)
• acceleration (change in velocity)
• joint angle / limb position

Question 23

kinetics involve:

Answer 23

• joint torque (force * distance)

* ground reaction forces

Question 24

Electromyography (EMG) involves timing of onset of __________ activation, muscle timing ______________ and relative _____________.

Answer 24

onset of MUSCLE activation, muscle timing COORDINATION, and RELATIVE activation

Question 25

Brain activity can be recorded by:

Answer 25

* fMRI * EEG * positron emission tomography (PET) * rCBF

Question 26

Error measurement =

Answer 26

nearly all skilled task performance requires some level of task accuracy

Question 27

Evaluation of pt performance relative to the goals of task mastery is crucial to document progress towards and achievement of:

Answer 27

goals in the medical record

Question 28

Error measurement can reveal patterns of change in performance to customize:

Answer 28

interventions

Question 29

Name the 3 types of error measurement?

Answer 29

1. Absolute error (AE) 2. Constant error (CE) 3. Variable error (VE)

Question 30

absolute error is defined as =

Answer 30

average difference between the measured value and the criterion value over a given number of trials

Question 31

Absolute error =

Answer 31

criterion score minus actual score (regardless of direction or algebraic sign) (criterion score - actual score) = Xn AE = IX1I + IX2I + IX3I + ... / #trials

Question 32

constant error (CE) =

Answer 32

average error over a given number of trials

Question 33

Constant error is based on both:

Answer 33

magnitude and direction

Question 34

Constant error provides a measure or response:

Answer 34

bias

Question 35

(45, 40, 35, 35, 30) --> (+5, +0, -5, -5 ,-10) ; Mean CE =

Answer 35

mean CE = (-15)/5 = -3

Question 36

Variable error (VE) =

Answer 36

measure of consistency or response, not the amount of erro

Question 37

Variable error is calculated as the standard deviation of error around an individual's:

Answer 37

average performance

Question 38

Retention =

Answer 38

measures persistence or relative performance of performance improvement

Question 39

The assessment of performance of the same skill under the _____________________ over time

Answer 39

same conditions

Question 40

Retention involves a skill that is retested after a period of no practice with no:

Answer 40

feeback

Question 41

Retention reflects the strength of the _______________________ representation created during the learning process

Answer 41

motor memory

Question 42

Transfer =

Answer 42

measures the adaptability of a skill under different conditions

Question 43

transfer of novel contexts =

Answer 43

physical environment or feedback changes

Question 44

transfer of novel skill variation=

Answer 44

fast vs slow, different object manipulation

Question 45

Transfer gives information about the extent to which a learner may perform in a _____________________.

Answer 45

different situation

Question 46

Transfer reflects the _________________ of the motor memory.

Answer 46

flexibility

Question 47

Transfer is important when skill learned must be performed:

Answer 47

across a variety of conditions