Memory (Unit 6)

Question 1

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of info:

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

A clear memory of a highly emotionally significant moment or event:

Answer 2

Flashbulb Memory

Question 3

A sensation that helps another person remember something (a smell, sound, taste):

Answer 3

Tagged Memory

Question 4

Get info into the brain:

Answer 4

Encoding

Question 5

Retain the info:

Answer 5

Storage

Question 6

Get the info back out:

Answer 6

Retrieval

Question 7

Immediate, initial recording of sensory information; stays long enough to be perceived from senses:

Answer 7

Stage One - Sensory Memory

Question 8

Form of sensory memory that holds visual info:

Answer 8

Iconic Memory

Question 9

Who researched Iconic Memory?

Answer 9

George Sperling

Question 10

Duration for iconic memory:

Answer 10

1/2 second

Question 11

Form of sensory memory that holds auditory inforation:

Answer 11

Echoic Memory

Question 12

Duration for echoic memory:

Answer 12

3-4 seconds

Question 13

Who researched echoic memory?

Answer 13

Cowan

Question 14

You normally pay attention to only a small portion of the incoming information due to ______ _______:

Answer 14

Selective attention

Question 15

Tuning out info which is too familiar is the result of _____:

Answer 15

Habituation

Question 16

Holds a few items briefly (20 sec) unless processed further:

Answer 16

Stage 2 - Working Memory (short term)

Question 17

Stage 2 - Repeating info to prolong presence in STM:

Answer 17

Maintenance/role rehearsal

Question 18

Stage 2 - _______ or _____ also helps:

Answer 18

Chunking; elaboration

Question 19

Who researched STM?

Answer 19

Peterson and Peterson

Question 20

Suggests that the capacity of STM is limited between 5 - 9 bits of info:

Answer 20

Magic number 7 plus or minus 2 theory

Question 21

Who created the Magic #7 Theory?

Answer 21

George Miller

Question 22

Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory:

Answer 22

Stage 3 - Long Term Memory

Question 23

Unconscious or automatic processing:

Answer 23

Implicit Memory

Question 24

Two types of implicit memory:

Answer 24

Procedural and Emotional Memories

Question 25

Motor skills and habits:

Answer 25

Procedural

Question 26

Learned emotional responses to various stimuli:

Answer 26

Emotional Memories

Question 27

Conscious of effortful processing:

Answer 27

Explicit Memory

Question 28

Two types of explicit memory:

Answer 28

Episodic and semantic memories

Question 29

Memories for personal events in a specific time and place:

Answer 29

Episodic Memories

Question 30

Memory for general facts and concepts; not linked to a specific time:

Answer 30

Semantic Memories

Question 31

What do we lose first as we age?

Answer 31

Explicit Memories

Question 32

Form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or recall a planned intention at some future point:

Answer 32

Prospective Memory

Question 33

Repeat info to remember it - visual, auditory, or spatial:

Answer 33

Rehearsal

Question 34

Repeat over and over (not intentional):

Answer 34

Overlearning

Question 35

Group into meaningful units:

Answer 35

Chunking

Question 36

When remembering things on a list we have the tendency to recall first items and last items but not the middle position:

Answer 36

Serial Position Effect

Question 37

First and last items:

Answer 37

Primary and secondary effect

Question 38

Retrieval without cues:

Answer 38

Recall

Question 39

The process in which info in your memory can be recalled back to your STM:

Answer 39

Retrieval

Question 40

Retrieval aided by cues:

Answer 40

Recognition

Question 41

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associates in long-term implicit memory:

Answer 41

Priming

Question 42

Failing to retrieve a word/term from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is almost there:

Answer 42

Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon

Question 43

Putting yourself back in the physical place where you earlier experienced something can prime your memory retrieval:

Answer 43

Context-Dependent Memory

Question 44

What we learn in one physiological state may be more easily recalled when we are again in that state:

Answer 44

State-Dependent Memory

Question 45

Mood effects on retrieval helps explain why our moods persis:

Answer 45

Mood-Dependent Memory

Question 46

Father of memory:

Answer 46

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 47

The amount remembered depends on the time spent learning:

Answer 47

Learning Curve

Question 48

Who found the learning curve?

Answer 48

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 49

Studies of depth of processing:

Answer 49

Craik and Lockhart

Question 50

Recall is better if information catches one's attention or does not fit into a list:

Answer 50

Semantic Distinctiveness

Question 51

Who researched semantic distinctiveness?

Answer 51

Herman von Restorff

Question 52

Don't remember person's name in front of you because you are focused on your own performance and fail to process previous person's last words:

Answer 52

Next-in-Line Effect

Question 53

Divide info into sections and study/practice over a period of hours or days and incorporate breaks:

Answer 53

Distributed/Spaced/Part Learning

Question 54

Cramming without breaks:

Answer 54

Whole learning and massed practice

Question 55

Harry Bahrick proved ______ material will enhance lifelong retion and _____ studying beats massed practice:

Answer 55

Restudying; spaced

Question 56

Amount of time saved when relearning info:

Answer 56

Saving Score

Question 57

Factors that influence the ease of memory: (5)

Answer 57

-Serial Position -Length of time spent rehearsing -Distinctiveness -Meaningfulness -Elaboration Rehearsal

Question 58

Any memory aid that uses vivid imagey or organizational devices:

Answer 58

Mnemonics

Question 59

Image oneself in a location:

Answer 59

Loci Method

Question 60

Making associations:

Answer 60

Peg Word

Question 61

The use of mental pictures:

Answer 61

Imagery

Question 62

Photographic memory:

Answer 62

Eidetic Memory

Question 63

Rats in a maze:

Answer 63

Karl Lashley

Question 64

Area of the brain that deals with STM:

Answer 64

Frontal Lobe

Question 65

Area of the brain involved in explicit memory:

Answer 65

Hippocampus

Question 66

Emotional memories see an activation of the:

Answer 66

Limbic system/amygdala

Question 67

Area of the brain involved in implcit memory is the:

Answer 67

Cerebellum

Question 68

Involved in habit learning:

Answer 68

Prefrontal Cortex; Mirror Neurons

Question 69

Play an important role in retriveal and procedural memory:

Answer 69

Basil Ganglia Neurons

Question 70

What is released when learning occurs?

Answer 70

Serotonin

Question 71

Prolonged strengthening of synapses which increases neurotransmissions; occurs in the hippocampus:

Answer 71

Long Term Potentiation

Question 72

Explicit memory is in the hippocampus which is one of the ____ brain structures to develop:

Answer 72

Last