Unit 1 Review

Question 1

Explain human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological processes.

Answer 1

Neuroscience/Biological Perspective

Question 2

How natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes:

Answer 2

Evolutionary Perspective

Question 3

Look at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors:

Answer 3

Behavioral Perspective

Question 4

Part of the behavioral perspective:

Answer 4

Watson and B.F. Skinner

Question 5

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts:

Answer 5

Psychoanalytical Perspective

Question 6

Father of Psychoanalysis:

Answer 6

Freud

Question 7

Examines human thoughts in terms of how we encode process, store, and retrieve information:

Answer 7

Cognitive Perspective

Question 8

Part of the Cognitive Perspective:

Answer 8

Piaget

Question 9

How our environment influences our growth potential:

Answer 9

Humanistic Perspective

Question 10

Part of Humanistic Perspective:

Answer 10

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 11

Twofold view that knowledge comes from the senses (not innate) and observation/experimentation are the basis of science:

Answer 11

Empiricism

Question 12

Early school of psych that used introspection to examine the structure of the mind:

Answer 12

Structuralism

Question 13

Introduced Structuralism:

Answer 13

Wundt and Titchener

Question 14

Early school of psych that emphasized the adaptive significance of behavior and mental processes:

Answer 14

Functionalism

Question 15

Introduced Functionalism:

Answer 15

William James

Question 16

Pure science that aims to increase psych’s scientific knowledge base:

Answer 16

Basic Research

Question 17

Careful reasoning that examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses consclusions:

Answer 17

Critical Thinking

Question 18

Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations:

Answer 18

Theory

Question 19

Details of how you will measure the variables, how you will observe and measure the results, and how you will evaluate the hypothesis:

Answer 19

Methodology

Question 20

Portraying an overly positive view of themselves as they want to be viewed but not necessarily who they are:

Answer 20

Subjective Self-Report

Question 21

Subtle cues interviewers may convey about their expectations which can cause interviewees to behave in ways they believe the interviewer wants them to behave:

Answer 21

Demand Characteristics

Question 22

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors:

Answer 22

False Consensus Effect

Question 23

Indicate the strength between the two variables; no correlation is 0:

Answer 23

Correlation Coefficients

Question 24

Subgroups within the population are equally represented and members of these subgroups have an equal chance in being selected for the sampe:

Answer 24

Stratified Sampling

Question 25

Tendency for subjects to behave in certain ways based on their perception of the experiment:

Answer 25

Participant/Response Bias

Question 26

Influences of being part of a group that bonded based on a time period or certain life experiences:

Answer 26

Cohort Effects

Question 27

Apply what is learned from a study/research to all people:

Answer 27

Generalizability

Question 28

Likelihood that differences in the DV are caused by the IV:

Answer 28

Internal Validity

Question 29

Ability to generalize the results of a study to the larger population:

Answer 29

External Validity

Question 30

Any type of academic research must first propose the study to the ethics board or IRB at the institution:

Answer 30

APA Ethical Guidelines for Human Research

Question 31

Ethical psych studies using animals must meet the following requirements: have a clear purpose, care for/house the animals in a humane way, acquire animal subjects legally, design experimental procedures that employ the least amount of suffering:

Answer 31

APA Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research

Question 32

Committee on the IRB that weighs the risks to the animal against the benefits of the research:

Answer 32

Animal Care and Use Committee

Question 33

Advocates for ethical use of animals in research:

Answer 33

Committee on Animal Research and Ethics

Question 34

Meet to review any study to determine if the propral is ethical or if it poses risks to those involved:

Answer 34

IRB

Question 35

Participants in study must give SIGNED consent indicating that they understand the components and potential risks of the study:

Answer 35

Informed Consent

Question 36

To force or require a participant to comply:

Answer 36

Coercion

Question 37

Involves misleading participants about the nature of an experiment and its methodology and is acceptable when the researcher believes it is necessary and the IRB agees:

Answer 37

Deception

Question 38

When deception is used, the researcher must explain the deception after the study:

Answer 38

Debrief

Question 39

Techniques for organizing and describing data sets:

Answer 39

Descriptive Statistics

Question 40

Organizing data to determine how often something occurs:

Answer 40

Frequency Distribution

Question 41

Tendency for the extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward the average:

Answer 41

Regression to the Mean

Question 42

Average amount in which the scores in a distribution deviate around the mean:

Answer 42

Standard Deviation

Question 43

Number of standard deviations from the mean:

Answer 43

Z-Score

Question 44

Indicates how widely spread scores are from one another and the mean:

Answer 44

Variance

Question 45

The probability of getting the experimental results:

Answer 45

P-Value

Question 46

Stats that can determine whether findings can be applied to the larger population from which the sample was selected:

Answer 46

Inferential Statistics

Question 47

Percentage of scores in a distribution that a score falls above:

Answer 47

Percentile Rank

Question 48

Labels or names categories of data but do not lend themselves to mathematical computations:

Answer 48

Nominal Scale

Question 49

Produces data that can be rank ordered:

Answer 49

Ordinal Scale

Question 50

Represents data that can be placed in rank order and that have equal measurements between values on the scale:

Answer 50

Interval Scale

Question 51

A line graph that is used to display continuous data generally measured on interval or ratio scales:

Answer 51

Frequency Polygon

Question 52

First female president of the APA:

Answer 52

Mary Calkins

Question 53

Student of William James and pioneer memory reseearcher:

Answer 53

Mary Calkins

Question 54

First female to recieve a PhD in psych:

Answer 54

Margaret Washburn

Question 55

Researched animal behavior and wrote "The Animal Mind":

Answer 55

Margaret Washburn

Question 56

Character and intelligence are largely inheritaged and certain ideas are innate:

Answer 56

Plato

Question 57

Character and intelligence are not innate; they come from the enviornment via the senses:

Answer 57

Aristotle

Question 58

Character and intelligence are not innate; they come from the environment via the sense:

Answer 58

Aristotle

Question 59

The mind is a black slate upon which experience writes:

Answer 59

John Locke

Question 60

Disagreed with Locke stating some ideas are innate:

Answer 60

Rene Descartes

Question 61

Gestalt psychologist who argued against divine human thought and behavior into discrete structures but instead tried to examine a person's total experiences because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences:

Answer 61

Max Wertheimer

Question 62

Undertook an investigation of the living conditions of poor people with mental illness:

Answer 62

Dorothea Dix

Question 63

First president of the APA, founder of the first journal for research in psych, and created the first psych lab in the US at Johns Hopkins:

Answer 63

Stanley Hall

Question 64

Professor at Harvard who criticized structuralism:

Answer 64

William James