Motivation and Hunger (Unit 9)

Question 1

A psychological process that initiates, sustains, directs, and terminates actions:

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

Three types of motivation:

Answer 2

1. Biological/Primary Motive
2. Stimulus
3. Learned

Question 3

Based on biological needs for survival:

Answer 3

Biological Motive

Question 4

Our need for information, learning, and stimulation:

Answer 4

Stimulus Motivation

Question 5

Learned needs, drives, goals:

Answer 5

Learned Motivation

Question 6

_____ or _____ motivation:

Answer 6

Extrinsic; Intrinsic

Question 7

Hopelesness or passive resignation that is learned when unable to avoid repeated aversive event:

Answer 7

Learned Helplessness

Question 8

Tendency to do things that contribute to failure then use these things as excuses for failure in performance, activities, or achieving goals:

Answer 8

Self-Handicapping Behaviors

Question 9

The complex, inherited behavior patterns characteristic of a species:

Answer 9

Instinct

Question 10

Behaviors in response to stimuli that once started, continue until completion:

Answer 10

Fixed Action Patterns

Question 11

Natural selection passes on favorable characteristics:

Answer 11

Charles Darwin

Question 12

Said instincts motivate sex and aggression:

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud

Question 13

Ethologist who studied baby geese, came up with “imprinting”:

Answer 13

Konrad Lorenz

Question 14

The attachment created with the first thing a newborn sees/feels after birth:

Answer 14

Imprinting

Question 15

Lack of some biological essential:

Answer 15

Need

Question 16

Energized emotional state that pushes a person to do something:

Answer 16

DRive

Question 17

All need-drive behavioral explanations follow a ______ _______:

Answer 17

Familiar pattern

Question 18

Drive Reduction Theory by:

Answer 18

Clark Hull

Question 19

Need: _____
Drive: ______
Response/Behavior: ______
Goal: ____

Answer 19

1. Hunger
2. Push to eat
3. Find food
4. Satisfied/Homeostasis

Question 20

Return to a state of homeostasis:

Answer 20

Goal

Question 21

Actual behaviors that reduce the drive may be ______:

Answer 21

Learned

Question 22

Incentive Theory by:

Answer 22

Kenneth Spence

Question 23

Incentive Theory: ______ motivation: A ________ or _______ environmental stimulus that motivates behavior, pulling us towards a goal:

Answer 23

External; positive; negative

Question 24

Proposes that people/animals are motivated to perform because they are trying to maintain optimal levels of physiological arousal:

Answer 24

Optimal Arousal Theory

Question 25

People are motivated to behave so that they stay _______ aroused all the time:

Answer 25

Moderately

Question 26

We perform most activities best when we are moderately aroused:

Answer 26

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 27

When our arousal is ____, performance suffers (uninterested, inattentive):

Answer 27

Low

Question 28

When our arousal is _____ our performance suffers (anxious, overwhelmed)

Answer 28

High

Question 29

A difficult task is better completed with a ____ level of arousal:

Answer 29

Low

Question 30

An easy task is better completed with a ____ level of arousal:

Answer 30

High

Question 31

Self-Actualization Theory by:

Answer 31

Abraham Maslow

Question 32

Listed our priorities into a pyramid to provide a framework for thinking about motivation:

Answer 32

Self-Actualization Theory

Question 33

#1 on Pyramid:

Answer 33

Physiological Needs

Question 34

#2 on Pyramid:

Answer 34

Safety Needs

Question 35

#3 on Pyramid:

Answer 35

Belongingness and Love Needs

Question 36

#4 on Pyramid:

Answer 36

Esteem Needs

Question 37

#5 on Pyramid:

Answer 37

Self-Actualization Needs

Question 38

The Self-Actualization Theory is not _______ fixed:

Answer 38

Universally

Question 39

Who studied effects of lesions on the hypothalamus:

Answer 39

Olds and Milner

Question 40

What is the "pleasure center" for motives like eating, drining, and sex?

Answer 40

The hypothalamus

Question 41

Lateral (sides of) hypothalamus ____ behavior:

Answer 41

Excites

Question 42

Ventromedial (lower middle) hypothalamus ____ behavior:

Answer 42

Inhibits

Question 43

Glucose is a form of ____ that comes from food and circulates in the blood and provides a major source of ____:

Answer 43

Sugar; energy

Question 44

A hormone released by the pancreas and must be present for cells to use glucose. It regulates the level of glucose in the blood:

Answer 44

Insulin

Question 45

High insulin + low blood glucose =

Answer 45

Hunger

Question 46

Levels are monitored by neurons in the ____, liver, and intestines; they send signals to the brain

Answer 46

Stomach

Question 47

Low glucose in the blood which will increase body temp, heart rate and cause shakiness, childs, and irritable mood:

Answer 47

Hypoglycemic

Question 48

Glucose stays in blood and can't move to cells:

Answer 48

Diabetes

Question 49

Genetic; Can produce enough insulin:

Answer 49

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 50

Body unable to use insulin (90% of population):

Answer 50

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 51

Key control center for motivated behavior:

Answer 51

Hypothalamus

Question 52

Sides of hypothalamus that trigger hunger:

Answer 52

Later

Question 53

Sides of hypothalamus that trigger hunger:

Answer 53

Lateral Hypothalamus

Question 54

Reduction of blood glucose stimulates _____ _____ in the lateral hypothalamus which leads one to eat ravenously:

Answer 54

Orexin Production

Question 55

A hormone released in the stomach when you need to eat. It carries the hunger singla to the LH:

Answer 55

Ghrelin

Question 56

The lower middle part that regulates fullness:

Answer 56

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Question 57

This receives information from satiety hormones Leptin and PYY:

Answer 57

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Question 58

This is secreted by fat cells and reaches the VH to stop:

Answer 58

Leptin

Question 59

People with _____ leptin levels overeat, which can lead to obesity:

Answer 59

Low

Question 60

Orexin increases and hunger _____:

Answer 60

Increases

Question 61

Ghrelin increases and hunger _____:

Answer 61

Increases

Question 62

Insulin increases and hunger ______:

Answer 62

Increases

Question 63

Leptin increases and hunger _____:

Answer 63

Decreases

Question 64

PYY increases and hunger ____:

Answer 64

Decreases

Question 65

The part of the hypothalamus that regulates eating behavior due to stimulation/inhibition of neurotransmitters:

Answer 65

Paraventricular Nucleus

Question 66

_____ can lead to a sugar high:

Answer 66

Carbs

Question 67

______ increases desire for cards:

Answer 67

Epinephrine

Question 68

Some foods trigger the release of ____, leading to a feeling of pleasure:

Answer 68

Serotonin

Question 69

Weight range in which the body performs optimally and the person stays without any effect:

Answer 69

Set Point

Question 70

Set point is influenced by the person's _____ __________ ____:

Answer 70

Basil Metabolic Rate

Question 71

______ influeces eating:

Answer 71

Learning

Question 72

Food is associated with ________:

Answer 72

Environments

Question 73

____ motivates eating behaviors; other tastes are _____:

Answer 73

Culture; Conditioned

Question 74

Life threatening disorder that involves intense fear of weight gain, distorted perception of weight/body shape, and persistent restriction of caloric intake leading to extreme weight loss and damage to physical health:

Answer 74

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 75

Anorexia usually develops in ________; more ____ (1 out of 10):

Answer 75

Adolescence; Females

Question 76

Marked by repeated episodes of secretive binging followed by purging:

Answer 76

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 77

_____ of those with anorexia also display binge-purge depression symptoms of bulimia:

Answer 77

Half

Question 78

A disorder characterizd by being excessively overweight:

Answer 78

Obesity

Question 79

Obesity can be genetic, with a link to:

Answer 79

Chromosome 15