Social Psychology (Unit 13)

Question 1

The study of how groups and cultures shape our perceptions, attitudes, and behavior:

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

Looks at how social and situational factors can influence us in both positive and negative ways:

Answer 2

Social Psych

Question 3

Research by social psychologists have raised _____ questions - use deception and manipulation to get as accurate results as possible:

Answer 3

Ethical

Question 4

General term for two or more individuals sharing common goals and interests, interacting, and influencing each other’s behavior:

Answer 4

Group Dynamics

Question 5

Implicit or explicit rules that apply to all members of a group and govern acceptable behavior and attitudes:

Answer 5

Norms

Question 6

A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave:

Answer 6

Roles

Question 7

Experiment was ended on the 6th day to preserve the participants’ well-being:

Answer 7

1972 Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 8

Who ran the 1972 Stanford Prison Experiment?

Answer 8

Philip Zimbardo

Question 9

“Slacker”; when working in groups, this person leaves the work for the other members who take on the leadership role because group assessments are being made:

Answer 9

Self-Loafing

Question 10

While working in groups, we lose some self awareness and engage in behavior that is unusual or uncharacteristic for us because of this group anonymity:

Answer 10

Deindividuation

Question 11

Tendency to perform well-learned tasks better in front of others:

Answer 11

Social Facilitation

Question 12

When first learning a task, performing it in front of others lead to someone not doing a good job:

Answer 12

Social Impairment

Question 13

Decisions reached by a group are often more extreme than those made by any single individual:

Answer 13

Group Polarization

Question 14

Disastrous sequence of group polarization when group members are so driven to reach unanimous decision that they no longer truly evaluate the repercussions or implications of their decisions:

Answer 14

Groupthink

Question 15

A group who takes responsibility for criticizing or ostracizing members who do not agree with the rest of the group:

Answer 15

Mind Guard

Question 16

The person who thinks differently than everyone else can sway the opinions of others:

Answer 16

Minority Infleunce

Question 17

We tend to give a casual explanation for someone’s behavior:

Answer 17

Attribution

Question 18

One that holds an individual responsible for his/her behavior:

Answer 18

Dispositional Attribution

Question 19

One that looks at factors from the environment to explain why someone acts the way that they did:

Answer 19

Situational Attribution

Question 20

Phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive/negative traits is used to infer other uniformly positive/negative characteristics:

Answer 20

Halo Effect

Question 21

We attribute our achievements and successes to personal stable causes and our failures to situational factors:

Answer 21

Self-Serving Bias

Question 22

Tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the impact of personal factors when assessing why other people acted the way they did:

Answer 22

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 23

Belief that people get what they deserve:

Answer 23

Just-World Hypothesis

Question 24

Tendency to let our preconceived expectations of others influence how we treat them, thus bringing about the very behavior we expected to come true:

Answer 24

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 25

Teachers were told to expect certain students to be smart, so the teachers treated those students differently:

Answer 25

"Bloomer Study" or the Rosenthal Effect

Question 26

Who ran the Bloomer Study?

Answer 26

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen

Question 27

First impression:

Answer 27

Primacy Effect

Question 28

Change their first impression due to new evidence:

Answer 28

Recency Effect

Question 29

Incorrect inference about behavior:

Answer 29

Misattribution

Question 30

Individuals' tendency to believe that they are more similar to others in attitudes or behaviors than is actually the case:

Answer 30

False Consensus Effect

Question 31

Tendency to underestimate the extent to which they are similar to others:

Answer 31

False Uniqueness Effect

Question 32

Tendency for people to discount the likelihood of one cause for behavior when they are strongly aware of another cause:

Answer 32

Discounting

Question 33

Anytime 2+ groups come in conflict with each other, the potential for conflict or cooperation arises:

Answer 33

Interpersonal Perception

Question 34

Mental schemas society attributes uncritically to different groups:

Answer 34

Stereotypes

Question 35

An unjustified negative attitude an individual has for another based solely on that persons' membership in a group; often used on bias or stereotypes and often caused by social learning and/or motivation theory:

Answer 35

Prejudice

Question 36

Occurs when prejudiced attitudes result in unjustified behavior toward members of that group:

Answer 36

Discrimination

Question 37

When our self-worth is in doubt or in jeopardy, we become frustrated and find others to blame:

Answer 37

Scapegoat Theory

Question 38

Basic belief that our culture is superior to others:

Answer 38

Ethnocentrism

Question 39

Leads to in-group/out-group belief system that is based on limited info about others:

Answer 39

Ethnocentrism

Question 40

Proposes that equal statues contact between antagonistic groups should lower tension and increase harmony:

Answer 40

Contact Theory

Question 41

Used by social psychologists offer a solution to group conflicts:

Answer 41

Contact Theory

Question 42

Split 20 boys into two groups and allowed each group to bond or a week then engaged in competitive games against the other group which lead to fights:

Answer 42

Muzafer Sherif's Boys' Camp Study

Question 43

Created a superoridnate goal/emergency situation that required joint cooperation of both groups to solve:

Answer 43

Muzafer Sherif's Boys' Camp Study

Question 44

Created by Elliott Aronson and Alex Gonzalez:

Answer 44

Jigsaw Classoom

Question 45

Integration of Mexican-American students into Texas public schools; sterotypes disapperad and self-concept and performance improved:

Answer 45

Jigsaw Classroom

Question 46

A framework that provides an understanding for how to strike a balance between cooperation and competition, and can be useful in strategic decision-making:

Answer 46

Prisoners Dilemma

Question 47

Changing one's behavior to make it agree with the attitudes of a group:

Answer 47

Conformity

Question 48

Participants knowingly gave wrong answers to gain social approval of other subjects:

Answer 48

Solomon Asch's Conformity Study

Question 49

Giving into the requests of others even at our own expense:

Answer 49

Compliance

Question 50

Tendency to comply with a large request if we have previously complied with a smaller request:

Answer 50

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

Question 51

You do something for me, I do something for you:

Answer 51

Reciprocity

Question 52

Someone offers an initially cut-rate price, but then "ups the ante" with additional costs we assumed were included:

Answer 52

Low-Ball Technique

Question 53

Someone makes a very large request we are almost certain to refuse and follows this up with a smaller one later on which we comply with due to guilt:

Answer 53

Door-in-the-Face Technique

Question 54

Ordinary people who are not hostile can become agents of destruction when ordered to commit acts by someone they perceive as a legitimate authority figure:

Answer 54

Stanley Milgram's Obedience Study

Question 55

Learned predispositions to respond in a favorable or unfavorable way to a specific object, person, or event:

Answer 55

Attitude

Question 56

Repeated exposure to novel stimulus increase the liking of the stimulus:

Answer 56

Mere Exposure Effect

Question 57

Speaker uses facts, figures, and other information to enable the listener to carefully process the information and think about their opinions:

Answer 57

Central Route to Persuasion

Question 58

Superficial information is used to distract the audience to win favorable approval of their product:

Answer 58

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Question 59

Scale in which subjects are asked how strongly they agree or disagree on each topic:

Answer 59

Likert Scale

Question 60

Attitudes are influenced by restrictions on behavior to which people react:

Answer 60

Reactance Theory

Question 61

Situations in which individual rewards come into conflict with the optimal outcome for the group:

Answer 61

Social Trap

Question 62

Tension that results from holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and values or when our actions do not coincide with these cognitions:

Answer 62

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 63

Woman attacked and stabbed at her apartment complex and no one helped or called the police:

Answer 63

Kitty Genovese Story

Question 64

Reduce the sense of personal responsibility that one feels to help another in need and increases in proportion to the size of the group present:

Answer 64

Diffusion of Responsibility Phenomenon

Question 65

Reluctance to act in front of others:

Answer 65

Audience Inhibition

Question 66

You interpret that others lack of action means there is no emergency:

Answer 66

Pluralistic Ignorance

Question 67

Helpful, selfless behavior:

Answer 67

Altruism

Question 68

Expectation that people, especially authority figures, help others even at a cost to them:

Answer 68

Social Responsibility Norm

Question 69

Tendency to like those who like us:

Answer 69

Reciprocity Effect

Question 70

State of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of the other:

Answer 70

Passionate/Romantic Love

Question 71

Strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deepy involved:

Answer 71

Companionate Love

Question 72

Act of delivering an aversive stimulus to an unwilling victim or an attempt to strike out against something or someone seen as the cause of the discomfort:

Answer 72

Aggression

Question 73

Purpose to satisfy some goal behavior or benefit by harming someone else:

Answer 73

Instrumental Aggression

Question 74

Results when a person feels pain, anger, or frustration; has an emotional connection:

Answer 74

Hostile Aggression

Question 75

When one is prevented or inhibited from reaching a goal they will experience frustration and react with aggression:

Answer 75

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Question 76

Freud and Lorenz believe aggression is an ____:

Answer 76

Instinct

Question 77

Other theorists believe aggression is a _____ normative behavior:

Answer 77

Learned