Mendelian Genetics -- Lecture 10

Question 1

genetics (definition)

Answer 1

study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

Question 2

Gregor Mendel

Answer 2

founder of modern science of genetics

Question 3

Mendel studied ___ in pea plants

Answer 3

inherited traits

Question 4

Mendel studied inherited traits in ___

Answer 4

garden pea plants (possum sativum)

Question 5

importance of Mendel:

ideas about inheritance before Mendel:

Answer 5

not quantitative

‘blending of inheritance’ (offspring’s traits are a blend of parents’ traits)

Question 6

importance of Mendel:

Mendel took a ___ approach to studying inheritance

Answer 6

quantitative

Question 7

importance of Mendel:

Mendel hypothesized a ___ –> genes

Answer 7

particulate unit of inheritance

Question 8

importance of Mendel:

Mendel hypothesized a ‘particulate’ unit of inheritance –> ___

Answer 8

genes

Question 9

important terminology:

gene (definition)

Answer 9

a portion of DNA, w/in a chromosome, that contains the information necessary to specify or influence a trait

Question 10

important terminology:

polygenic (definition)

Answer 10

multiple genes may govern 1 trait

Question 11

important terminology:

chromosome (definition)

Answer 11

a unit of DNA that contains many genes

Question 12

important terminology:

locus of a gene (definition)

Answer 12

physical location (address) of a gene on a chromosome

Question 13

important terminology:

remember diploids have ___ copies of each chromosome

Answer 13

2

Question 14

important terminology:

remember ___ have 2 copies of each chromosome

Answer 14

diploids

Question 15

important terminology:

so diploids have ___ copies of each gene

Answer 15

2

Question 16

important terminology:

so ___ have 2 copies of each gene

Answer 16

diploids

Question 17

important terminology:

there are ___ versions of each gene

Answer 17

different

Question 18

important terminology:

allele (definition)

Answer 18

each version of a gene

Question 19

important terminology:

if allele on each chromosome is the same

Answer 19

homozygous

Question 20

important terminology:

homozygous…

Answer 20

if allele on each chromosome is the same

Question 21

important terminology:

if allele on each chromosome is different

Answer 21

heterozygous

Question 22

important terminology:

heterozygous…

Answer 22

if allele on each chromosome is different

Question 23

important terminology:

an individual will be ___ for some alleles and ___ for others

Answer 23

homozygous

heterozygous

Question 24

important terminology:

genotype (definition)

Answer 24

particular set of alleles carried by an individual

Question 25

important terminology: phenotype (definition)

Answer 25

physical trait resulting from a particular genotype

Question 26

important terminology: different genotypes can have the ___ phenotype

Answer 26

same

Question 27

important experimental terminology: true-breeding organisms (definition)

Answer 27

organisms that always show a particular phenotype in every generation

Question 28

important experimental terminology: parental generation (P0)

Answer 28

parents in original cross

Question 29

important experimental terminology: 1st filial generation (F1)

Answer 29

offspring of parental generation

Question 30

important experimental terminology: 2nd filial generation (F2)

Answer 30

offspring of 1st filial generation

Question 31

important experimental terminology: Mendel's experiments used:

Answer 31

monohybrid crosses dihybrid crosses

Question 32

important experimental terminology: monohybrid crosses (what are they and example)

Answer 32

parents that are only different in 1 trait | ex. RR vs. rr

Question 33

important experimental terminology: dihybrid crosses

Answer 33

parents that only are different in 2 traits | ex. RRYY vs. rryy

Question 34

example of 1-trait cross (monohybrid cross)

Answer 34

crossed true-breeding round pea plants w/ true-breeding wrinkled pea plants

Question 35

Mendel's Law of Dominance

Answer 35

1 allele/phenotype is dominant over the recessive allele/phenotype

Question 36

dominant and recessive: recessive phenotype

Answer 36

phenotype not observed in the F1 generation

Question 37

dominant and recessive: dominant phenotype

Answer 37

phenotype that is observed in the F1 generation

Question 38

dominant and recessive: dominant allele

Answer 38

allele that gives rise to the dominant phenotype

Question 39

dominant and recessive: recessive allele

Answer 39

allele that gives rise to the recessive phenotype

Question 40

phenotypic ratio in F1 cross

Answer 40

3/4 : 1/4 3 : 1