mental health

Question 1

what is the body

Answer 1

chemical based machine

Question 2

what does mental illness have

Answer 2

genetic component

Question 3

mental illness history?

Answer 3

thought tp be caused by demons = trepenation (treatment) and were often tortured with asylums and prisons

electrotherapy often used

Question 4

when was psychotherapy made and by who

Answer 4

freud 1896

Question 5

what was lobotomy 1940s

Answer 5

needle thru eye socket

Question 6

when did lunatic asylums become mental hospitals

Answer 6

1950s

Question 7

schizophrenia?

Answer 7

loss of contact and reality

Question 8

Sid effects of schizoprenia

Answer 8

hallucinations and delusions of persecutions

auditory, confused thinking, magical thinking, false beliefs, anxiety and feelings of persecution and lack of emotion

Question 9

what did they use to calm down patients with schizophrenia

Answer 9

antihistamines and thorazine

Question 10

side effects of thorazine (dopamine antagonist)

Answer 10

similar to Parkinson’s disease, grimacing and dyskinesia and lip smacking

Question 11

what is the theory of schizphrenia

Answer 11

high dopamine causes it

Question 12

what raises dopamine amounts in brain

Answer 12

amphetamines

Question 13

what are the 5 receptor types of dopamine antagonism

Answer 13

d1 - d5 (d2 most important)

allows dopamine use in diff parts of brain and creates diff pathways for dopamine to transfer info

Question 14

how was subsequent drugs found?

Answer 14

in animal studies and found patterns of behaviour of drugs

Question 15

what is chlozapine

Answer 15

weak d2 dopamine antagonist and strong serotonin agonist (less likely to cause motor control side effects)

Question 16

what is depression

Answer 16

loneliness and sadness

Question 17

what is anhedonia

Answer 17

inability to experience pleasure

Question 18

what is tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 18

discovered in 1951 and not effective for shizophrenia

Question 19

what sends nerve signals

Answer 19

physical transfer of neurotransmitters

Question 20

what blocks serotonin reuptake

Answer 20

imipramine (side effect: designs new drugs effects to be more selective)

Question 21

what is ipronazid

Answer 21

tuberculosis drug, antidepressant and has monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 22

what is MAO

Answer 22

helps regulated neurotransmitter amounts, body controls amount of chemicals by constantly making and destroying them

MAO blocks the enzyme (increase amount of serotonin in brain and reduces serotonin destruction)

Question 23

what does depression rise from

Answer 23

arises from low serotonin amounts

Question 24

what is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Answer 24

prozac was first and side effects: anxiety, sleep disturbances and sexual dysfunction and suicidal thoughts

Question 25

what is prozac

Answer 25

no difference between placebo and prozac

Question 26

OCD affects ??

Answer 26

2%

Question 27

what is OCD

Answer 27

obsessive thoughts and unrealistic

Question 28

compulsions performed to gain relief

Answer 28

rituals

Question 29

helpful drugs for OCD?

Answer 29

raising serotonin activity, prozac, MAO inhibitors

Question 30

theory of OCD

Answer 30

low serotonin function produces OCD

Question 31

bipolar disorder

Answer 31

alternate between high energy happy periods

Question 32

what calmed mani patients with manic depression

Answer 32

lithium calmed manic patients

Question 33

why is it hard to design new drugs

Answer 33

because of lithium structure

Question 34

difference between effective dose and dangerous dose is ???

Answer 34

very small

Question 35

why is lithium mechanism of action not known?

Answer 35

no known lithium receptor

Question 36

what is valproic acid

Answer 36

anticholinergic drug

Question 37

anxiety disorders

Answer 37

fear without reason

Question 38

what are barbituates

Answer 38

GABA agonists (reduce neural activity)

Question 39

what do benzodiazepines do?

Answer 39

amplify GABA and increase sensitivity of receptors

Question 40

GABA activates a special receptor called?

Answer 40

ion channel (Valve)

Question 41

what are psychiatric drugs side effects

Answer 41

headaches, nausea, anxiety, sexual dysfunction and depresson

Question 42

drugs in 2016 same effectiveness as drugs in 1950s?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

modern drugs show fewer witch side effects?

Answer 43

anxiety, sleep disturbances and dysfunction

Question 44

why are human experiments hard to do

Answer 44

can't fully control what people do and difficult to measure brain activity

Question 45

what did drugs used to develop?

Answer 45

pattern of behaviour

Question 46

what is swim despair test?

Answer 46

swimming, struggling or floating

Question 47

hotplate pain test??

Answer 47

puts feet up

Question 48

how is animal models used

Answer 48

alters brain and uses drugs to induce change

Question 49

me-too drugs

Answer 49

kinda copies of existing products

Question 50

what are effects of me too drugs

Answer 50

produced in animal models and use old drugs as a starting point

Question 51

what does prozac produce

Answer 51

immediate effects in brain

Question 52

patient's noncompliance with treatment?

Answer 52

20-80% non compliance, stops taking meds and takes them improperly

Question 53

why are patients noncooperative

Answer 53

takes them improperly, misunderstanding, side effects and resist treatment and false beliefs + financialdru

Question 54

drugs for mental health do work?

Answer 54

true