mental health Flashcards

1
Q

what is the body

A

chemical based machine

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2
Q

what does mental illness have

A

genetic component

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3
Q

mental illness history?

A

thought tp be caused by demons = trepenation (treatment) and were often tortured with asylums and prisons

electrotherapy often used

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4
Q

when was psychotherapy made and by who

A

freud 1896

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5
Q

what was lobotomy 1940s

A

needle thru eye socket

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6
Q

when did lunatic asylums become mental hospitals

A

1950s

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7
Q

schizophrenia?

A

loss of contact and reality

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8
Q

Sid effects of schizoprenia

A

hallucinations and delusions of persecutions

auditory, confused thinking, magical thinking, false beliefs, anxiety and feelings of persecution and lack of emotion

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9
Q

what did they use to calm down patients with schizophrenia

A

antihistamines and thorazine

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10
Q

side effects of thorazine (dopamine antagonist)

A

similar to Parkinson’s disease, grimacing and dyskinesia and lip smacking

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11
Q

what is the theory of schizphrenia

A

high dopamine causes it

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12
Q

what raises dopamine amounts in brain

A

amphetamines

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13
Q

what are the 5 receptor types of dopamine antagonism

A

d1 - d5 (d2 most important)

allows dopamine use in diff parts of brain and creates diff pathways for dopamine to transfer info

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14
Q

how was subsequent drugs found?

A

in animal studies and found patterns of behaviour of drugs

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15
Q

what is chlozapine

A

weak d2 dopamine antagonist and strong serotonin agonist (less likely to cause motor control side effects)

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16
Q

what is depression

A

loneliness and sadness

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17
Q

what is anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure

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18
Q

what is tricyclic antidepressants

A

discovered in 1951 and not effective for shizophrenia

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19
Q

what sends nerve signals

A

physical transfer of neurotransmitters

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20
Q

what blocks serotonin reuptake

A

imipramine (side effect: designs new drugs effects to be more selective)

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21
Q

what is ipronazid

A

tuberculosis drug, antidepressant and has monoamine oxidase (MAO)

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22
Q

what is MAO

A

helps regulated neurotransmitter amounts, body controls amount of chemicals by constantly making and destroying them

MAO blocks the enzyme (increase amount of serotonin in brain and reduces serotonin destruction)

23
Q

what does depression rise from

A

arises from low serotonin amounts

24
Q

what is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

A

prozac was first and side effects: anxiety, sleep disturbances and sexual dysfunction and suicidal thoughts

25
what is prozac
no difference between placebo and prozac
26
OCD affects ??
2%
27
what is OCD
obsessive thoughts and unrealistic
28
compulsions performed to gain relief
rituals
29
helpful drugs for OCD?
raising serotonin activity, prozac, MAO inhibitors
30
theory of OCD
low serotonin function produces OCD
31
bipolar disorder
alternate between high energy happy periods
32
what calmed mani patients with manic depression
lithium calmed manic patients
33
why is it hard to design new drugs
because of lithium structure
34
difference between effective dose and dangerous dose is ???
very small
35
why is lithium mechanism of action not known?
no known lithium receptor
36
what is valproic acid
anticholinergic drug
37
anxiety disorders
fear without reason
38
what are barbituates
GABA agonists (reduce neural activity)
39
what do benzodiazepines do?
amplify GABA and increase sensitivity of receptors
40
GABA activates a special receptor called?
ion channel (Valve)
41
what are psychiatric drugs side effects
headaches, nausea, anxiety, sexual dysfunction and depresson
42
drugs in 2016 same effectiveness as drugs in 1950s?
true
43
modern drugs show fewer witch side effects?
anxiety, sleep disturbances and dysfunction
44
why are human experiments hard to do
can't fully control what people do and difficult to measure brain activity
45
what did drugs used to develop?
pattern of behaviour
46
what is swim despair test?
swimming, struggling or floating
47
hotplate pain test??
puts feet up
48
how is animal models used
alters brain and uses drugs to induce change
49
me-too drugs
kinda copies of existing products
50
what are effects of me too drugs
produced in animal models and use old drugs as a starting point
51
what does prozac produce
immediate effects in brain
52
patient's noncompliance with treatment?
20-80% non compliance, stops taking meds and takes them improperly
53
why are patients noncooperative
takes them improperly, misunderstanding, side effects and resist treatment and false beliefs + financialdru
54
drugs for mental health do work?
true