covid Flashcards

1
Q

more than ____ viruses cause colds

A

200

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2
Q

what 7 types of covid are there

A

4 = mild illness

3 = serious illness

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3
Q

what are examples of the 3 serious illness

A

SARS or MERS

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4
Q

only ___% cause mild illness>

A

85

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5
Q

what is ACE2 receptor

A

protein found on cells in blood vessels and organs

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6
Q

how does the virus enter the body

A

by ace2 receptor since its airborne

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7
Q

where did covid come from

A

origin unknown but people thunk its created in a lab

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8
Q

what are the 3 key parts from the virus origin?

A

virus from bat, pangolin and unknown origin

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9
Q

how does virus occurring from nature work?

A

2(+) viruses infect same animal at same time and parts of genetic material are exchanged between viruses. then it optimizes itself for survival in a new host

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10
Q

what is wuhan institute of virology

A

covid research

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11
Q

how long does covid last

A

2-6 weeks but symptoms may last longer

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12
Q

symptoms?

A

fatigue, cough, loss of taste/smell, headache, diarrhea, chest, confusionwhat

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13
Q

what can persistence of symptoms cause?

A

hypertension, obesity, mental health conditions

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14
Q

what are gain-of-function experiments

A

try to predict which virus will become deadly

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15
Q

how do they predict which virus will become deadly?

A

creating deadly virus that otherwise wouldn’t exist and try to fix it

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16
Q

first covid gain of function?

A

reported in 1999

17
Q

how is tech in 1999 vs 2019 help with covid?

A

1999:
covid chimeras created in labs
techniques available left traces in genes
could detect genetic manipulation

2019:
covid chimeras created in labs
seamless methods available
could detect genetic manipulation

18
Q

what are effects of ivermectin

A

shows in vitro antiviral activity

19
Q

is ivermectin useful for covid?

A

no can get ivermectin poisoning

20
Q

what is pfizer

A

nirmatrelvir (recent antiviral)

21
Q

what was nirmatrelvir originally made?

A

developed for rhinovirus infections

22
Q

what was operation warp speed

A

puts money for vaccines and hurried to get out of the pandemic

23
Q

more than ___% of population has immunity to virus

24
Q

2 ways to get covid?

A

get covid, get vaccinated

25
what kills virus
antibodies
26
how long does it take to make antibodies
several days
27
how are antibodies formed
spike protein outside of virus antibodies bind to spike and that gives immunity to covid
28
what prevents illness
immunity
29
pros of viral proteins?
established method, highly effective and no risk of infection
30
cons of viral proteins?
time consuming to develop (>4 years) proteins difficult to manufacture requires a custom made factory for each vaccine
31
what vaccines use mRNA
moderna and pfizer
32
what are symptoms of pfizer vaccine at injection and systematic
injection: pain, redness and swelling systematic: fever, fatigue, headache and chills
33
what is higher in vaccine group
appendicitis, heart attack and stroke
34
what is higher in placebo group
pneumonia, atrial fibrillation and syncope
35
vaccine effect _____ over time?
weakens
36
vaccine approval takes ??
6-18 months
37
typical vaccine takes _____ years to develop??
10
38
moderna took how many days of clinical?
took 42 days + 8 months
39
all mRNA vaccines can be made in _______ factory?
same