Cancer Flashcards
cancer is
uncontrolled growth
caused by?
hyper-proliferative lesion
2 types of hyper-proliferative lesion
benign lesion (regular shape and fatal in developping countries) and malignant lesion (out of shape)
where is it cause of death in 2011
canada (72476)
who is it rare in
young people
cases occur after
age 55 mostly
treatments
radiation, surgery and chemotherapy
in men and women which cancer is most common and least
lung is most and stomach least
what happens when you get cancer
normal cells become cancerous and cancer loses the ability to regulate its growth
what’s the max of cell divisions on normal cell
50 (cells must be touching similar cells)
what’s the max of cell divisions on cancerous cell
more than 50 (cells are mobile = metasis)
HeLa cells
Henrietta lacks 1951 (grown in lab)
cancer cells take ___ years to develop
20 (needs 8-10 mutations)
cancer mutations involve
loss of function (proteins stop working properly)
in biological regulation, control uses system by working in ______
opposite ways at the same time (one system switches on and the other off)
- body balances both to control
cell division is regulated in 2 ways
stimulation (accelerator) and repression (brakes)
RAS is a common
on/off switch (gets stuck on ON position and can’t switch off)
P53 is
a important baking protein (important suicide protein)
apoptosis
programmed cell death (self destruct system and protects body from viruses and cancer)
average cell can divide __
50 times (chromosome tips are like shoe laces)
are cancer cells mortal or immortal
immortal so it activates the enzyme that rebuilds chromosome tips
when you get cancer, what happens to chromosomes?
system breaks which prevents the enzyme from being used
each codon specifies an ______ in a protein
amino acid
mutation is a
typo in the gene
