sports Flashcards
ben Johnson (Canadian athlete)
most responsible for change of attitude
won premiere gold but lost it because he tested positive in enhancive substances
johnson’s drug invented by
John Manson - stanozolol patent
when was adrenaline used as a drug?
1901
why was adrenaline not ideal?
short duration of action and required iv injection
what is amphetamine?
used for cold symptoms and a good decongestant
what was used in wars
methamphetamine and pervitin
when did olympics restrict drug use and when was first testing done?
1967 in 1968 grenlobe
why were the banned?
because it was harmful to the athlete
who injected themselves with bull testicle
fritz pregl & Oskar zoth
how did the first isolation of the male sex hormone
40 kg of bull testicle to a 20 mg of male sex hornmone
what was the semi-synthesis in 1935
cholesterol to testosterone
what was inmate rehab
starving to death
what first used testoresone
horse races
what was the first human use of testosterone
soviet athletes in 1950s
what did testosterone do?
improved strength and build up muscle
what are the effects of extra testosterone?
anabolic: reduce side effects and for wasted conditions
androgenic: body facial hair, deeper voice, heavy brow, acne, etsticle shrinkage, clitoral enlargement, increase sex drive
what was the process of steroid testing?
Manfred hopper ruined it and changed the system in East Germans and banned in 1977
what was the doping lab in east germany
used Gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer
measures T to E ratio
what is Gas chromatograph ?
sorts molecules based on speed and time: mixture is passed thru a tube with a sticky substance (measures amounts)
what is mass spectrometer?
throws molecules in a magnetic flied and molecules fall apart and obtains a fingerprint (used to identify compounds)
what is the masking agent for steroid testing?
masks the presence of extra testosterone by injecting epitestosterone
how did they interfere with testing
adds detergent to alcohol to pee
urine switching
plants and animals have diff amounts of 13 C??
true
effects of steroids?
doesn’t build muscle (only helps build withe exercise)
liver damage, heart damage, reproductive effects