sports Flashcards

1
Q

ben Johnson (Canadian athlete)

A

most responsible for change of attitude

won premiere gold but lost it because he tested positive in enhancive substances

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2
Q

johnson’s drug invented by

A

John Manson - stanozolol patent

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3
Q

when was adrenaline used as a drug?

A

1901

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4
Q

why was adrenaline not ideal?

A

short duration of action and required iv injection

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5
Q

what is amphetamine?

A

used for cold symptoms and a good decongestant

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6
Q

what was used in wars

A

methamphetamine and pervitin

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7
Q

when did olympics restrict drug use and when was first testing done?

A

1967 in 1968 grenlobe

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8
Q

why were the banned?

A

because it was harmful to the athlete

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9
Q

who injected themselves with bull testicle

A

fritz pregl & Oskar zoth

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10
Q

how did the first isolation of the male sex hormone

A

40 kg of bull testicle to a 20 mg of male sex hornmone

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11
Q

what was the semi-synthesis in 1935

A

cholesterol to testosterone

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12
Q

what was inmate rehab

A

starving to death

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13
Q

what first used testoresone

A

horse races

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14
Q

what was the first human use of testosterone

A

soviet athletes in 1950s

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15
Q

what did testosterone do?

A

improved strength and build up muscle

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16
Q

what are the effects of extra testosterone?

A

anabolic: reduce side effects and for wasted conditions

androgenic: body facial hair, deeper voice, heavy brow, acne, etsticle shrinkage, clitoral enlargement, increase sex drive

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17
Q

what was the process of steroid testing?

A

Manfred hopper ruined it and changed the system in East Germans and banned in 1977

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18
Q

what was the doping lab in east germany

A

used Gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer

measures T to E ratio

19
Q

what is Gas chromatograph ?

A

sorts molecules based on speed and time: mixture is passed thru a tube with a sticky substance (measures amounts)

20
Q

what is mass spectrometer?

A

throws molecules in a magnetic flied and molecules fall apart and obtains a fingerprint (used to identify compounds)

21
Q

what is the masking agent for steroid testing?

A

masks the presence of extra testosterone by injecting epitestosterone

22
Q

how did they interfere with testing

A

adds detergent to alcohol to pee

urine switching

23
Q

plants and animals have diff amounts of 13 C??

24
Q

effects of steroids?

A

doesn’t build muscle (only helps build withe exercise)

liver damage, heart damage, reproductive effects

25
what are anabolic steroids
speed recovery and speed training
26
why are effects are difficult to measure
athletes vary doses, mix steroids, take large doses and keep their methods secret
27
what are designer steroids
designed to avoid detection and no testing done
28
what is tetrahydragestrinone
"the clear" and undetectable before 2002
29
when are steroids safe>
used properly under medical supervision and limited dosing
30
desire to win makes athletes??
push the limits
31
what do red blood cells do?
only carry oxygen and made in bone marrow
32
what is blood doping
removes blood from athlete and concentrates red blood cells and store them as the athlete's body replaces them during 3 months before the comp athletes now have improved o2 capacity
33
when was blood doping used
ed burke = usci in 1983 Danny van haute = olympic trials 1984 us cycling banned doping 1985
34
why is EPO (protein) used instead of a transfusion?
helps patient make their own blood
35
why are blood transfusions important in medicine?
risk of infection and rejection
36
why are animals not an ideal protein source
supply is limited and not human proteins (don't work as well in humans - possibility of rejection) and small risk of contamination
37
why are cadavers not ideal source for human proteins
poor drug source
38
what is recombinant protein
males human protein from bacteria and yeast
39
how is human protein made
in bacteria/yeast, inserts human gene in a bacteria, removes it from chromosome and inserts in plasmid then genetic engineering
40
what is better than animal protein and why
recombinant protein because is human, safe and make large quantities
41
recombinant EPO is one of the best drugs in the last ???
30 years
42
testing EPO was impossible
true and can detect using antibodies and is easy to hide
43
what is the ON model ?
detects recent use (hemogoblin, EPO, soluble transferrin receptor)
44
what is OFF model
detects longer term use (2-3 weeks) (hemoglobin, reticulocytes, EPO)