allergy Flashcards

1
Q

what is allergy

A

adverse reaction to harmless material

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2
Q

what are some common allergues

A

latex, nickel stainless steel, henna tattoo, dust, pet saliva

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3
Q

food allergy affects ___% of adults

A

4

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4
Q

food tolerance affects ___% of adults?

A

30

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5
Q

what is lactose intolerant?

A

inability to digest lactose

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6
Q

what does lactase enzyme do

A

lactase enzyme converts lactose to glucose

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7
Q

what are signs of food allergy>

A

dark or bags under eyes

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8
Q

wheat allergy affects __ person in 500?

A

1

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9
Q

what is gluten-free diets

A

treatment for celiac disease or cereal allergy

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10
Q

peanut allergy common in NA but ____ outside of NA

A

rare

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11
Q

allergy is a disease of the

A

developed world (rates have doubled since 1980)

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12
Q

peanut free schools only existed in last

A

30 years

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13
Q

which children less likely tp be allergic

A

kids in daycare, large families

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14
Q

allergies in east and West Berlin?

A

West Berlin had more allergies because less polluted and good healthcare (opposite in east)

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15
Q

what are reduced infection rates

A

increased allergy rate

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16
Q

allergy requires??

A

prior exposure

17
Q

mast cells display??

A

lgE antibodies

18
Q

what releases histamine

A

mast cell degranulation

19
Q

histamine produces??

A

allergy symptoms

20
Q

what are good for managing allergies?

A

○ Avoidance
○ Antihistamines
○ Decongestants
○ Immune modulators
Immunotherapy

21
Q

allergy tests?

A

tracking down food allergy by logbook

22
Q

which antihistamine doesn’t enter brain (doesn’t make you sleepy)

A

second generation = loratadine

23
Q

good for decongestion?

A

pseudoephedrine

24
Q

drug pricing based on?

A

pricing models, alternate treatments, drug class and cost of alternates

25
up 50 ___% of allergies progress to asthma
50
26
original drugs targeted ??
nerve signals (adrenaline agonists)
27
salbutamol targets _____ to _____
nerves to bronchii
28
what is salbutamol
selective adrenaline agonist
29
what do adrenaline agonists do
open airways in lungs
30
high doses of salbutamol will?
stimulate the heart
31
what else is associated with asthma
leukotrienes
32
what is singulair
leukotriene antagonist
33
why is Singulair (montelukast) good?
less frequent dosing pills and inhaler (steroid) for acute attacks