Pain Flashcards
per year how much prescription in USA
$470 billion
over the counter price
35$ per year (no prescription needed)
top OTC meds?
- cough and cold ($8.2 billion)
- pain reliever ($4.1 billion)
- antacid (2.7 billion)
- toothpaste (1.5 billion)
- laxative (1.3 billion)
3 important considerations
safety, indication (what to use for and use), counter-indications
dose makes the ___ and ____?
drug and poison
what is most common OTC drug
pain killers ($4.1 billion)
what is salicylates
found in willow trees and Sumerians used for pain and inflammation
also in poplar, beech and wintergreen
what is doctrine of signatures?
association between disease and cure (ex ppl who lives near swamps get malaria and willows grow in swamps)
willow bark will cure ___ and what is active ingredient?
fever and salicin
when was salicylic acid was discovered in
1829
salicylic acid is ____ and where does it come from?
analgesic, antipyretic and antiflammatory and comes from coal tar
Felix Hoffman
took salicylic acid for pain and suffered from stomach problems
process of drug optimization is?
changed the chemical structure and taste less bitter with no stomach irritation (salicylic acid to acetasalicylic acid)
aspirin initially sold as ??
sold as a powder
what is ASA
acetassalicylic acid (same thing as aspirin)
benefits as ASA
pain, fever, inflammation and reduces heart attack risk
side effects?
tinnitus ( more than 10 tablets ). stomach irritation, interferes with blood clotting and death
ASA is not effective for?
visceral pain
what is used to help to protect stomach?
prostaglandins (decreases acid production and increases mucus production)
side effects of aspirin
causes acid damage in stomach
bufferins?
contains an acid
cause vs association
association between 2 things doesn’t mean one thing caused the other
cause requires a ??
body of evidence and control experiments
phenacetin
both drugs turned to acetaminophen in body (1947)
