Pain Flashcards

1
Q

per year how much prescription in USA

A

$470 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

over the counter price

A

35$ per year (no prescription needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

top OTC meds?

A
  • cough and cold ($8.2 billion)
  • pain reliever ($4.1 billion)
  • antacid (2.7 billion)
  • toothpaste (1.5 billion)
  • laxative (1.3 billion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 important considerations

A

safety, indication (what to use for and use), counter-indications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dose makes the ___ and ____?

A

drug and poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is most common OTC drug

A

pain killers ($4.1 billion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is salicylates

A

found in willow trees and Sumerians used for pain and inflammation

also in poplar, beech and wintergreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is doctrine of signatures?

A

association between disease and cure (ex ppl who lives near swamps get malaria and willows grow in swamps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

willow bark will cure ___ and what is active ingredient?

A

fever and salicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when was salicylic acid was discovered in

A

1829

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

salicylic acid is ____ and where does it come from?

A

analgesic, antipyretic and antiflammatory and comes from coal tar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Felix Hoffman

A

took salicylic acid for pain and suffered from stomach problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

process of drug optimization is?

A

changed the chemical structure and taste less bitter with no stomach irritation (salicylic acid to acetasalicylic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aspirin initially sold as ??

A

sold as a powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is ASA

A

acetassalicylic acid (same thing as aspirin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

benefits as ASA

A

pain, fever, inflammation and reduces heart attack risk

17
Q

side effects?

A

tinnitus ( more than 10 tablets ). stomach irritation, interferes with blood clotting and death

18
Q

ASA is not effective for?

A

visceral pain

19
Q

what is used to help to protect stomach?

A

prostaglandins (decreases acid production and increases mucus production)

20
Q

side effects of aspirin

A

causes acid damage in stomach

21
Q

bufferins?

A

contains an acid

22
Q

cause vs association

A

association between 2 things doesn’t mean one thing caused the other

23
Q

cause requires a ??

A

body of evidence and control experiments

24
Q

phenacetin

A

both drugs turned to acetaminophen in body (1947)

25
acetaminophen (Tylenol) and stomach irritation?
weak irritation
26
Tylenol
more than 60 tablets = death
27
Tylenol benefits
pain and fever
28
side effect?
liver toxicity
29
ibuprofen 1961
OTC
30
what does it inhibit?
cyclooxygenase (blocks enzyme)
31
benefits?
pain, fever and inflammation
32
side effect
reduced blood clotting and stomach irritation
33
examples of ibuprofen
Advil, naproxen, Motrin
34
top pain relievers in North America?
acetaminophen 43% ASA 28% ibuprofen 26% naproxen 3%
35
which drug prevent heart attacks and rye syndrome
ASA
36
effect of COX-1 inhibition
stomach, and ulcers (harmful)
37
effects of COX-2
reduces pain, inflammation and fever (beneficial)