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1
Q

Media used to isolate H. influenszae?

A

Chocolate agar

Factors V and X

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2
Q

Neisseria species are isolated on this agar

A

Thayer-martin or VPN

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3
Q

A child has whooping cough. What media is selective for the causitive agent?

A

Bordet-Gengou agar

(Bordet for Bordettella)

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4
Q

Diptheria is isolated on this agar

A

Tellurite or Loffler’s media

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5
Q

Caseating granulomas in an immigrant. What agar?

A

TB

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

(Think LBJ)

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6
Q

Person comes back from cruise or tropical vacation with pneumonia. What agar is specific for the causitive agent?

A

L. pneumophila

BCYE- Buffered charcoal yeast extract (Cysteine and iron buffer)

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7
Q

What are the encapsulated organisms?

A

S. pneumo

H. influenszae

N. meningitidis

E. coli

Salmonella

Klebsiella

Group B. Strep

SHiNE SKiS

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8
Q

People with chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency) have recurrent infections with these organisms

A

Pseudomonas

Listeria

Aspergillus

Candida

E. coli

S. aureus

Serratia

(You need PLACESS for your CATs)

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9
Q

C. diptheriae and P. aeruginosa use their toxins ______ and ______ respectively to induce this effect.

A

C. dpitheriae–> Diptheria toxin

P. aeruginosa–> Exotoxin A

Both inhibit EF-2 and therefore cause cell death

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10
Q

Shigella and EHEC (O157:H7) toxins have a similar MOA. What is the name of the toxin(s) and how do they differ?

A

Shigella–> Shiga toxin

EHEC–> Shiga-like toxin

Both inactivate the 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA and cause cell death.

–> Differ in that EHEC does not invade the host cells

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11
Q

What is the MOA behind EHEC and Shigella induced HUS?

A

Excessive cytokine release

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12
Q

ETEC has two toxins. How do they differ in their stability and MOA?

A

Heat Labile toxin–> increases cAMP by binding adenylate cyclase (Increase Cl- flux and H2O loss)

Heat stable toxin–> binds to and activated guanylate cyclase increaseing cGMP (decreases Na resorbtion)

Think labile in the Airandstableon the Ground

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13
Q

How do TSST-1 and Exotxin A (S. pyo) compare in their MOA?

A

They exert the same effect

–> Bring MHC-II and the TCR in close proximity causing T-cell activation–> release of IL-2 and INF-y–> Shock

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14
Q

What kind of bacteria produce endotoxins? How can we remember the effect?

A

Gram (-) bacteria lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane

“ENDOTOXIN”

Edema

NO release

DIC/Death

Outer membrane

TNF-a

O-antigen

eXtremely heat stable

IL-1

Neutrophil degranulation

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15
Q

Novobiocin reststant v. sensitive?

A

Sensitive–> S. epidermidis

Resistant–> S. saprophyticus

(Skin (epidermidis) is sensitive. Newlyweds (Novo and UTI) are resistant to abstience)

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16
Q

How to remember optichin sensitivity

A

OVRPS

Optichin–> Viridans is Resistant and Pneumonia is Sensitive

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17
Q

How to remember bacitracin resistance.

A

B-SABR

Bacitracin–> Sensitive group A strep (Pyo) and Resistant group B strep (agalactiae).

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18
Q

H. pylori tripple therapy

A

PPI

Clarithromycin

Amoxicillin or Metronidazole

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19
Q

Transmission and source for:

Borrelia recurrentis

Brucella

Campylobacter

Coxiella brunetti

A

Borrelia recurrentis–> recurrent fever from louse

Brucella–> unpasturized dairy

Campylobacter–> puppies, livestock, pork

Coxiella brunetti–> cattle placenta

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20
Q

Trasmitted by the lonestar tick

A

Ehrlichiosis

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21
Q

Transmitted by armadillos

A

Leprosy

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22
Q

RMSF transmitted by

A

Dermacentor tick

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23
Q

Anchovy past liver abscesses (flask shapped if submucosal)–> what bug

A

entamoeba histolytica

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24
Q

African sleeping sickness transmitted by the

A

Tsetse fly–> painful bite

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25
Wuchereria bancroti disease and vector?
Elephantiasis Trasmitted by Mosquito
26
Chagas disease trasmitted by
Reduviid Bug
27
Oncocera volvulus causes transmitted by the
African river blindness Black fly
28
Sand fly transmitts
Leishmaniasis
29
Bear hunter with myalgia and low grade fever
Trichinella spiralis
30
Non-enveloped RNA virus families
Calcivirus Picornavirus Reovirus Hepevirus
31
Non-enveloped DNA virus families
Parvovirus Adenovirus Papillomavirus Polyomavirus
32
Where do DNA viruses typically replicate with what exceptions?
In the nucleus Exceptions are Pox viruses: Smallpox and molluscum contagiosum--\> replicate in cytoplasm
33
Where do most RNA viruses replicate? What are the exceptions?
Cytoplasm Exceptions: Influensza and Retroviruses
34
Reassortment occurs between what kind of virsuses? --\> leads to pandemics
RNA viruses only
35
recombination occurs between what kind of viruses?
typically DNA viruses (and RNA with a DNA phase)
36
Phenotypic mixing
Progeny viruses recieves surface proteins from both virsuses, but the DNA of the progeny is unchanged. This means the Surface proteins in the next gen will be normal again
37
Most DNA viruses are \_\_DNA the exception is \_\_\_\_\_\_
dsDNA Parvovirus has ssDNA
38
Most DNA genomes are circular or linear? Exceptions?
Linear Exceptions: Papillomavirus, Polyomavirsu (both circular) Hepadnavirus- partially circular
39
Most RNA viruses are \_\_\_RNA. Exceptions include...
ssRNA Exceptions are reovirus and rotovirus (dsRNA)
40
Most RNA are (+ or -)
+
41
Naked dsDNA is not infectious in what viruses
Poxvirus and Hep B
42
DNA virus families
Herpesvirus Hepadnavirus Adenovirus Parvovirus Papillomavirus Polyomavirus Poxvirus (HHAPPPP)
43
Enveloped DNA viruses include
Herpes virsuses Hepadnaviruses (HBV) Pox virus (smallpox and mulluscum contageosum) **Herpes and Hepatitis come wrapped in a Pox (box)**
44
Live attenuated virus vaccines
Smallpox yellow fever chicken pox MMR Sabine polio (oral) Herpes xoster Influenza (nasal) Rotavirus
45
Recombinant viral vaccines
HBV and HPV
46
Is it okay to give HIV pts live vaccines?
Yes actually... The two that are okay: MMR and Varicella with a **CD4\> 200** NOT IN AIDS
47
Killed virus vaccines
Injectible influensza Rabies Hep A Salk polio (injectable)
48
Subunit vaccines
Hep B HPV
49
Vaccines that use chicken eggs? CI'ed in...
Influensza MMR Yellow fever Egg allergy people (anaplactic reaction)
50
Naked viruses....
**H**epevirus **P**apilloma **A**deno **P**arvo **P**olyoma Picorna and Calicivirus Remember: A **Naked** **Heppi** (hippy) gave me a **PAPP** smear when I went to **REO **from **Cali**.
51
Coltivirus causes
**Col**orado **ti**ck fever Wood tick--\> acute self-limited flu like illness
52
Enteroviruses
PERCH Poliovirus Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus--\> HFM disease (A), aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and pericaditis(B) HAV
53
Major calicivirus... Etiology
Norwalk virus Cruise ships...coming out both ends
54
Hepetitis C family
Favivirus (also includes Yellow fever, dengue, St. louid encepahlitis, and West Nile)
55
Most common mosquito born illness world wide How is it diagnosed?
Dengue fever (bone break fever) Muscle and joint pain, headache and retro-orbital pain --\> Tourniquet test--\> inflate and look for petechia indicative of thrombocytopenia
56
Cadida associated with what pH?
Acidic pH
57
Treatment for candida: Vaginal Oral/esophageal Systemic
Vaginal- topical Azole Oral/Esophageal- Nystatin (swish and swallow) fluconazole or caspofungin Systemic- Fluconazole, amphoterocin B (IC pts) of caspofungin
58
Narrow based budding and india ink stain
Cryptococcus neoformans--\> soap bubble sign
59
Wide/Right angle non-septate hyphae Acute angle fungi
Wide/Right angle: Mucor and Rhizopus Acute angle: Aspirgillus fumigatus
60
Tx of Aspirgillus
Amphoterocin B or a -conazole
61
Bad sequalea of mucormycosis
rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess (real bad) Give amphoterocin B
62
4 dermatophytic molds
Mycosproum Tricophyton Epidermophyton Malasezzia Furfur
63
Abdominal Sx with PAS+ granules in macrophages
Tropheryma whipelli

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