1
Q
Adenoviruses are what type of virus?
A
DNA, non-enveloped
2
Q
What shape/structure are adenoviruses capsid?
A
Icosahedral
3
Q
What 3 diseases do adenoviruses cause?
A
Upper respiratory infection (URTI), Gastroenteritis, Conjunctivitis
4
Q
In what two ways are adenoviruses transmitted?
A
Respiratory, Direct inoculation - touch
5
Q
How is immunity when exposed to Adenoviruses?
A
Immunity is lifelong, but there are 50 serotypes
6
Q
Pathogenesis of Adenoviruses
A
Attach via knobs on the tips of the glycoprotein fibers on the surface
endocytosis
Uncoating
Replicates
Produces mRNA which shuts off all of the host cells production of DNA, RNA and proteins causing cell death
7
Q
Ocular infections of adenoviruses
A
Follicular conjunctivitis, Keratoconjunctivitis
8
Q
Systemic illnesses of adenoviruses (types and names)
A
Types 1 to 7: URTI, UTI, Pneumonia (types 4, 7, 14)
9
Q
What types of pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) are caused by adenoviruses?
A
Types 3 and 7
10
Q
Characteristics of pharyngoconjuntival fever (PCF) (adenoviruses)
A
Concurrent or recent URTI
Lower incidence of Keratitis that is usually mild
More common in children
11
Q
What types of Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) are caused by adenoviruses?
A
Types 8, 19, and 37
12
Q
Characteristics of Eidemic Keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) (adenoviruses)p
A
Keratitis common, long duration, can be severe
Highly contagious
No systemic illness
13
Q
What is Quickvue aka adenoplus?
A
Antigen detection kit for suspected adenovirus conjunctivitis, especially EKC serotypes
14
Q
Structure of HPV
A
circular, double stranded DNA, Icosahedral capsid
15
Q
HPV shows a strong preference for _________ and _________ cells with access/infection of the _________ cell
A
Epithelial and mucosal cells, Basal cell
16
Q
What type of spread is common with HPV?
A
Lateral spread
17
Q
How is HPV transmitted?
A
Direct contact or contaminated surfaces
18
Q
HPV diseases
A
Cutaneous warts, Mucosal infections/malignancies - Squamous cells carcinomas, cervical carcinoma
19
Q
As HPV proliferates in the keratin containing cells, what happens?
A
Excess keratin is produced leading to the development of the wart with many viral cells in the thick dead layer of cells at the surface
20
Q
HPV: Viruses causing warts on the mucosal surfaces may express oncogenes triggering ___________________
A
Tumor formation
21
Q
Cervical cancer is associated with what types of Papillomavirus?
A
6, 18
22
Q
How can papillomavirus be prevented?
A
Vaccination
23
Q
Ceravix vaccine is for what types of Papillomavirus?
A
6 and 18
24
Q
Gardasil and Gardasil 9 are vaccines that both protect against what types of Papillomavirus?
A
6 and 18
Gardasil 9 protects against 9 serotypes
25
Papillomavirus vaccine ocular sequella
Anecdotal :
Uveitis, Papillitis, MEWDS
26
HPV is associated with/causes what in the eye?
Conjunctival papillomas, Conjunctival SCC, CIN, Pterygia
27
HPV serotypes for conjunctival papilloma
6, 11
## Footnote
6a, 45, 52 newer
28
SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) HPV serotypes
16 and 18
29
HPV shows a strong association with co-infection of what?
HIV
30
Diagnosis/signs of HPV
Appearance of warts, DNA probes of cervical swabbings, Biopsy of conjunctival papilloma
31
Treatment options for HPV
Surgical removal, cryotherapy, chemical removal
Use of antivirals that inhibit DNA synthesis or interferon boosters
32
Transmission of Polyomavirinae
Droplet
33
Polyomavirus characteristics
Nonenveloped; dsDNA (circular)
34
What does JCV lead to?
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
35
BK virus is associated with:
-hemorrhagic cystitis
-nephropathy in transplant patients (typically kidney)
36
Enveloped dsDNA viruses
Herpesviridae, Poxviridae
37
3 subsets of Herpesviridae
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
38
alpha herpesviruses is what group?
Herpes simplex group
39
What group is beta Herpesviridae?
CMV group
40
What group is Gamma Herpesviridae?
Lymphoproliferative group
41
Growth of herpes simplex group
Rapid growth
42
Herpes simplex group may become latent in ____________
Nerve ganglia
43
Members of Herpes Simplex Group
Herpes simplex 1 and 2 - HSV, Varicella Zoster - VZV
44
How can Herpes simplex group be Id'd in healthy patients?
By classic lesions
45
How can herpes simplex group be Id'd in the immunocompromised?
DNA probes and PCR amplification
46
Treatment for Herpes Simplex Group
Antivirals to reduce duration of symptoms, recurrence, post herpetic pain, and viral shed
47
>90% of adults have antibodies to _______ by age 50
HSV1
48
HSV transmission
Direct contact with infected secretions or lesions
49
Conditions/ symptoms of HSV
Cold sores, Genital herpes, Infectious keratoconjunctivitis, Encephalitis, Iritis, Disciform keratitis
50
What is the 2nd most common cause of corneal blindness?
HSV
51
What type of eruptions are common with HSV?
Vesicular eruptions
52
HSV is latent in ________ or __________ ganglia
Trigeminal or lumbar-sacral ganglia
53
What may reactivate HSV?
Hormones, Fevers, Nerve trauma
54
Prevention of HSV
Avoidance
55
Ocular HSV signs/symptoms
Lid vesicles, Follicular conjunctivitis, Keratitis, Iritis
56
Treatment of Ocular HSV
Antivirals
57
Sequellae of Ocular HSV
Glaucoma
58
Varicella Zoster Virus: primary infection
Varicella (chickenpox)
59
Transmission of varicella zoster virus
Respiratory droplets
60
Disease process of Varicella zoster virus
Generalized illness
Exantham - Contagious 1-2 days before
Macular eruptions that become vesicular and crust
Breakouts for up to 1 week
61
More concern with Varicella zoster virus in what individuals?
Adults and the immunocompromised
62
Recurrent zoster/shingles recurs due to latency in what sensory ganglia?
Trigeminal, Dorsal root
63
With zoster/shingles vesicles are distributed over the ___________ of the affected nerve root
Dermatome
64
What is the severe pain that can follow recurrent zoster/shingles?
Post-herpetic neuralgia
65
Control of Varicella zoster virus
Attenuated vaccine available - children 2 doses (12-15 months and 4-6 years), Adults > 50
66
What is the ocular involvement of varicella zoster virus?
Vesicles on face and lids, Swelling, Pseudo-dendrites, Nummular keratitis
67
Betaherpesvirinae is also known as the _______ group
CMV
68
CMV group
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes 6 and 7
69
How does CMV group differ from other herpes virus?
Longer replication cycle
Infected cells are greatly enlarged and multinucleated
70
Characteristics of CMV
ds DNA, enveloped
71
How are cells changed with CMV?
Infected cells get larger and become multinucleated
72
Transmission of CMV
Fluid contact, Organ transplant, Blood transfusion, Transplacental
73
Is latency seen in CMV?
Yes
74
Does CMV show a high percentage of infection?
Yes
75
Primary infection of CMV disease during adulthood
Infectious mononucleosis
76
What is the most common intrauterine infection?
CMV disease
77
When maternal first infection is during pregnancy, the risk is __________ of symptomatic infection in the infant
Greatest
78
What symptoms show in infants to mothers that have CMV symptoms during pregnancy?
Hearing loss, chorioretinitis
79
Diagnosis of CMV in immunocompromised
Serologic testing
80
Diagnosis of CMV via Elisa to distinguish ________ and _______
IgG and IgM
81
How can CMV be controlled better with donors?
Screen for viral DNA or proteins
82
Treatment of CMV
GCV -IV or intraocular chronic
If resistant, then cifovir
Sometimes in conjunction with foscarnet
83
Roseola is HHV _____
HHV 6
84
Roseola is also known as what?
Baby measles or 6th disease
85
Transmission of Roseola is via _________________
Oral secretions
86
Infants with Roseola show a high fever for 3 to 5 days. Why is this a big concern?
Can lead to febrile seizures, rash also possible
87
Why is HHV 6 recurrent with HIV more severe?
Causes increased rate and volume of cellular death
88
Gammaherpesvirinae are the _______________ group.
Lymphoproliferative
89
Why is this significant
They have the potential for cancer
90
Gammaherpesvirinae subgroups:
EBV (mono), HHV-8
91
EBV diseases
- infectious mononucleosis
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- nummular/infiltrative keratitis
92
Transmission of EBV
Contact with saliva
93
EBV infects what cells?
B cells
94
Does EBV show latency?
Yes
95
In the immunocompromised, how can EBV show?
T-cell malignancies, B-cell lymphomas
96
HHV-8 is most often a co-infection with _________
HIV
97
Is there a vaccine for HHV 8
No
98
Poxviridae characteristics
DsDNA, linear, Enveloped, Pleomorphic
99
Are poxviridae pleomorphic?
Yes
100
Poxviridae pathogens
Molluscum contagiosum, Variola, Vaccinia, Mpox
101
Where does poxviridae replicate?
In the host cytoplasm
102
What dsDNA virus replicates in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus?
Poxviridae
103
Because poxviridae does not replicate in the nucleus, the virus provides its own _______
Enzymes
104
What is variola?
smallpox
105
How is the variola virus transmitted?
respiratory route
106
With variola, lymph drains sites and leads to _________
Viremia
107
Characteristic manifestation of variola
Rash with pustules that discharge the virus
108
Cow Pox originally believed to be the vaccine for smallpox now is known to be __________
Vaccinia
109
Vaccinia causes ________ disease
Localized
110
Vaccinia is highly similar to variola , thus leading to ________ ________
Cross immunity
111
When was the Mpox outbreak?
2022
112
Is Mpox easily transmitted
No
113
What 4 ocular manifestations can Mpox cause?
Eyelid pustules and conjunctivitis, Blepharitis, Punctate keratitis, Conjunctival folliculitis
114
Infection with any orthopox viruses will provide immunity to all others. What are the viruses?
Variola, Vaccinia, Mpox, mulluscum
115
Molluscum is a _______ infection of the skin
Viral
116
What appearance does molluscum cause on the lids?
Waxy nodules
117
What is often associated alongside molluscum?
Follicular conjunctivitis
118
What are the 3 herpes groups?
Alphaherpesvirinae - herpes simplex group, Betaherpesvirinae - cytomegalovirus group, Gammaherpesvirinae - Lymphoproliferative group
119
What 3 pathogens are within Alphaherpesvirinae - herpes simplex group
Herpes simplex 1, Herpes simplex 2, Varicella-zoster virus
120
What 3 pathogens are within Betaherpesvirinae - cytomegalovirus group
Human cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus 6, Human herpesvirus 7
121
What 2 pathogens are within Gammaherpesvirinae - Lymphoproliferative group
Epstein-Barr virus, HHV-8
122
What dsDNA viruses are the exception and do not replicate in the nucleus?
Pox viruses, replicate in the cytoplasm
123
What serotypes of Adenovirus cause PCF?
Types 3 and 7
124
What serotypes of Adenovirus cause EKC?
Types 8, 19, and 37
125
Immunity of adenovirus is ________
Lifelong
126
Papillomavirus ocular sequella
Uveitis, Papillitis, MEWDS
127
Prevention of Papillomavirus
Vaccination - ceravix vaccine (6 and 19), Gardasil and Gardasil 9 (6 and 18 + others)
128
Papillomavirus shows a strong preference for _______ and __________ cells with access/infection of the _________
Epithelial and mucosal, Basal cell
129
Know diseases caused by Polymovorinae
Polyomavirinae JCV and BKV
130
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by what?
JC virus (JCV)
131
BKV shows what characteristics?
Hemorrhagic cystitis, Nephropathy in transplant patients
132
Polyomavirinae all have the capacity to produce _________
Tumors
133
The initial infection with human cytomegalovirus most commonly occurs:
A. during early childhood, by exchange of body fluids
134
Histologic and immunologic abnormalities typical of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus are due to:
B. proliferation of cytotoxic T cells responding to Epstein-Barr virus antigens expressed on the surface of infected B cells
Block 09
flashcards
Decks in class (33)
# Cards
-
Epi: Introduction126
-
Mono: Photometry And Radiometry79
-
Pharm: Introduction14
-
Pharm: Pharmodynamics93
-
Mono: Lightness36
-
Mono: Sources and Filters46
-
Epi: Transmission Of Disease90
-
Pharm: Pharmacokinetics 192
-
Pharm: Pharmacokinetics 255
-
Mono: Duplex Retina86
-
Micro: Introduction To Viruses74
-
Micro: dsDNA Viruses134
-
Micro: HepaDNAvirus25
-
Micro: ssDNA viral pathogens14
-
Micro: (+)ssRNA enveloped viruses136
-
Epi: Disease Occurence77
-
pharm: pharmacokinetics 343
-
pharm: pharmacokinetics 461
-
pharm: pharmacokinetics 556
-
micro: naked (+) ssRNA viruses43
-
mono: spatial resolution and summation59
-
mono: spatial vision75
-
mono: clinical implications to CSF39
-
mono: temporal vision59
-
pharm: pharmacogenomics36
-
micro: -ssRNA and -dsRNA viruses122
-
micro: retroviruses and prions36
-
epi: ocular and systemic disease and disorders148
-
Micro: Virus review121
-
Mono: Motion Perception80
-
Mono: Depth Perception51
-
Epi: Epidemiology In Appalachia18
-
Micro: Flora96
