micro: fungi Flashcards by Bella Forster

Fungi are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fungi cell wall is made of ___________

Chitin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The fungi cell membrane is targeted by what?

Anti-fungal agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do fungi need oxygen?

Yes, all need some level of oxygen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fungi feed on what?

Soluble nutrients

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capsules in fungi are highly ____________

Immunogenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Morphology of fungi

yeast - single spheres that bud
molds - branching threads
Di-morphs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can fungi be identified?

Colony morphology
Use of sabourauds agar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Sabouraud agar used for?

Isolate fungi and identify

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the stain of choice for Fungi?

Gomori-methanamine Silver (GMS) stain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

India ink stains what of fungi?

Gelatinous capsules

(ex: cryptococcus capsule)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PAS stains what?

Polysaccharides which are abundant in chitin and cellulose of fungal cell walls

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does mucicarmine stain for?

Cell wall polysaccharides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 types of fungal pathogens?

Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Systemic
Opportunists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two cutaneous fungal pathogens?

Fusarium and Dermatophytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fusarium has what type of fungi morphology?

Mold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fusarium are ________ and ________ flora

Plant and soil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fusarium cutaneous infections result from _________

Trauma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disseminated opportunistic infections of Fusarium occur how?

Via transplant patients

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ocular implications of Fusarium spp.

Keratitis and Endophthalmitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common fusarium spp?

F. Solani

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is key in identification of Fusarium on sabourauds’s agar?

Woolly flat colonies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Appearance and shape of ________ and _________-condida confirm fusarium spp

Macro and micro-condida

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fusarium spp are very ________ resistant

Drug

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fusarium Keratitis Outbreak

ReNu® with MoistureLoc's® was recalled in 2006

Dermatophytes use ______ as a nutrient source

keratin

Dermatophytes affect ________, _______ and ________

Hair, skin and nails

Ring worm, athletes foot, jock itch are all examples of what?

Dermatophyte infections

Dermatophytes enter through _________

Trauma

Dermatophytes help convert tissues into what?

Food source for the infection

What is helpful in diagnosis of Dermatophytes?

Serologic testing for DTH to cell wall antigen

Microsporum are transferred via ________ and _______ contact

Dirt and animal

Microsporum cause ________ and _______ infections

Hair and skin

Trichophyton are spread by?

Human contact

Trichophyton infects __________________________

hair, skin, nails

Most common nail fungus is ?

Trichophyton rubrum

Epidermatophyton is transferred via ____________ contact

Human

Epidermatophyton infects __________________

Skin and nails

Epidermatophyton shows what colonies on sabouraud's?

Tan to green colonies

Epidermatophyton is responsible for what infections?

Ringworm Athletes foot Jock itch

Treatment for Dermatophytes

Topical for skin infections Oral treatment for hair and nails

How long must you treat hair and nail dermatophyte infections?

Until all damaged/diseased tissues have grown out

6 eye concerns related to Dermatophytes

Conjunctivitis Corneal ulcer Madarosis Folliculitis Blepharitis Angioedema

Sporotrichosis is under what group of fungi?

Subcutaneous

Sporothrix schenckii is a cigar shaped yeast at ________ temp and a mold at ________ temp

Body Room

What does this mean?

Sporotrichosis is a dimorph

Sporothrix schenckii usually causes a SubQ infection secondary to ________________

Traumatic inoculation (rose-thorn)

Sporothrix schenckii may become disseminated causing _____________ which spreads to the lymph system and may become life threatening

Sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis ocular sequelae

Iritis Conjunctival lesions - salmon colored tumors Lid lesions Retinal granulomas

Mycetoma is caused by what?

Trauma to feet

Mycetoma is more common in what areas?

Under-developed countries where access to good shoes is not as common as

Mycetoma is endemic in what countries?

Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America

Cladosporium and Phialophora cause _________ nodules

Warty

Cladosporium and Phialophora produce what that is key in diagnosis?

Produce spherical brown cells

Systemic fungal infection spores are ___________ and germinate in the __________

Inhaled Lungs

Systemic fungal infections are dimorphic, ____ in tissue, _____ in cultures

Yeast Mold

Where is coccidiodes found?

SW US, Central and South America

Coccidiodes enters the ________ and disseminates causing what involvement?

Lungs ## Footnote Causing pneumonia and CNS involvement

Coccididoes exists as a ________ in the environment

Mold

Histoplasmosis: ______________ colonies

Brown mold

Where is histoplasmosis more commonly found?

US - Ohio and Mississippi River valley

Histoplasmosis is found in ______ and _______ feces

Soil and bird

Where does histoplasmosis enter through?

The lungs

What groups of individuals are at a higher risk of having histoplasmosis turn into Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome?

- people with weakened immune systems - babies - adults over 55

Is ocular histoplasmosis contagious?

No, if you have it you cannot spread it to others

3 attributes of ocular histoplasmosis

Punched out focal peripheral lesions: chorioretinital scars Neovascular membrane: disciform lesion subfoveal Peri-papillary atrophy

Does ocular histoplasmosis follow Koch's postulates?

Bastomycosis is found in eastern US and Canada in both humans and _______

Dogs

At body temperature, how does blastomycosis present?

Thick-walled, multi-nucleated yeast

Blastomycosis usually causes __________ infection

Pulmonary

Rare ocular sequelae associated with Blastomycosis

Anterior/posterior uveitis Endophthalmitis Choroidal granulomas

Opportunists fungi pathogens

Candida Cryptococcus Aspergillus Pneumocystis Rhizopus

Opportunists account for ______% of all nosocomial infections in US ICUs

15%

Are Candida normal flora?

Yes

Are Candida dimorphic?

Yes

Candida may over time convert to _________ form at body temperature

Mold

What smell is common with candida?

Yeasty smell

Candida are visible with ________ stain

Gram

Diseases caused by Candida

Thrush Vulvovaginitis UTI Candidemia-endocarditis Renal infection Nosocomial

Most common fungal nosocomial infection

Candida

endophthalmitis can be caused by what fungal dimorph?

Candida

What increases risk for endophthalmitis

IV drug use Candidemia

Cryptococcus: encapsulated yeast can be visualized with ___________

India ink

What can cause cryptococcus?

Inhalation of pigeon feces

What diseases can be caused by Cryptococcus?

Pulmonary infection CNS issues - meningoencephalitis - anterior uveitis

Ocular manifestations of Cryptococcus

Papilledema Optic atrophy Nerve Palsies CWS Choroiditis

Aspergillus is a _______

mold

Aspergillus is easily __________ and inhaled

Aerosolized

Aspergillus germinates and invades the _____________

Blood vessels

Aspergillus is very antigenic, what does this mean?

Can get an asthmatic reaction with both type and 2 hypersensitivities

Disease caused by Aspergillus

Aspergillosis - pneumonia Aspergilloma - localized

Ocular sequelae of Aspergillus

Endophthalmitis in immunocompromised Dacryocystitis that is secondary to sinusitis

Pneumocystis is a yeast that has similar properties to _____________

Protists

Pneumocystis can cause what pulmonary issue?

Pneumonia

Ocular sequelae of Pneumocystis

Choroiditis Granulomas Cotton-wool patches and retinal hemorrhages

Mucormycosis is found in what?

Rotting food or old bread

Mucormycosis can cause what disease?

Rhinocerebral disease

Rhinocerebral disease is very aggressive often ________

Fatal

Rhinocerebral disease enters through _______ and invades sinuses then _________ and then _________

Nose Orbits Brain

Those with Rhinocerebral disease can survive but what patients are what?

Severely disfigured

What group of individuals may be more susceptible to serious issues with mucormycosis?

Diabetics

micro: fungi Flashcards

(101 cards)