pharm: intro to ANS

Question 1

sympathetic nervous system is the ___________________ system

Answer 1

fight or flight system

Question 2

Parasympathetic nervous system is the __________________ system

Answer 2

Rest and digest/breed and feed

Question 3

Muscarinic agonists activate the _________________ system

Answer 3

Parasympathetic

Question 4

How do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors work?

Answer 4

• inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase which normally breaks down acetylcholine
  -This inhibition of ACHE increases the amount of ACH in the neuromuscular junction.

Question 5

Muscarinic antagonists MOA

Answer 5

Blocks acetylcholine activity and parasympathetic pathway which leads to increased sympathetic system activity

Question 6

Adrenergic agonists activate the _____________ system

Answer 6

Sympathetic

Question 7

afferent neurons are important in ____________ regulation of the ANS

Answer 7

Reflex

Question 8

pre and postganglionic neurons are ___________ neurons

Answer 8

Efferent

Question 9

Preganglionic neurons emerge from the brainstem or spinal cord and make a synaptic connection in ___________

Answer 9

Ganglia

Question 10

Post-ganglionic neuron originates in the ganglia and terminates on ________________

Answer 10

Effector organs

Question 11

sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate from where?

Answer 11

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Question 12

Are preganglionic sympathetic fibers long or short?

Answer 12

short

Question 13

Are postganglionic sympathetic fibers long or short?

Answer 13

long

Question 14

The adrenal medulla is similar to sympathetic ganglia, it receives preganglionic fibers from the _____________ system.

Answer 14

Sympathetic

Instead releases epinephrine in response to the sympathetic stimulation

Question 15

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from where?

Answer 15

Cranial and sacral areas of the spinal cord

Question 16

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse far or near to effector organs?

Answer 16

Near

Question 17

Are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers long or short?

Answer 17

long

Question 18

Are Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers long or short?

Answer 18

short

Question 19

Somatic nervous system uses a single myelinated __________ neuron that originates in the __________

Answer 19

Motor

CNS

Question 20

Where does the somatic nervous system neuron travel to?

Answer 20

Travels from CNS directly to skeletal muscle without the mediation of ganglia

Question 21

types of neurotransmitters

Answer 21

• acetylcholine
• norepinephrine
• epinephrine

Question 22

Sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters

Answer 22

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 23

Parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters

Answer 23

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 24

Neurons which release acetylcholine are termed _______________

Answer 24

cholinergic

Question 25

What is the neurotransmitter at the adrenal medulla?

Answer 25

acetylcholine

Question 26

What is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction in the somatic nervous system?

Answer 26

acetylcholine

Question 27

If norepinephrine or epinephrine is the neurotransmitter, the fiber is called ____________

Answer 27

adrenergic

Question 28

Epinephrine released from the adrenal medulla into the blood stream binds to and activates _________________ receptors

Answer 28

Adrenergic

Question 29

Adrenergic is a term describing a nerve ending that releases, or a synapse in which, _______________ as the primary NT

Answer 29

Norepinephrine

Question 30

What is a receptor that binds and is activated by one of the catecholamine transmitters (NE, Epi, dopamine)?

Answer 30

Adrenoceptor

Question 31

What is the homeostatic mechanism that the body uses in attempt to maintain constant blood pressure?

Answer 31

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 32

Location of Autoreceptors

Answer 32

Found on presynaptic membrane

Question 33

What receptors does acetylcholine act on?

Answer 33

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 34

What receptors does norepinephrine act on?

Answer 34

alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1

Question 35

Parasympathetic origin from spinal cord:

Answer 35

Craniosacral

Question 36

Sympathetic origin from spinal cord:

Answer 36

Thoracic-lumbar

Question 37

Sympathetic nervous system length of fibers:

Answer 37

short preganglionic and long postganglionic

Question 38

Parasympathetic nervous system length of fibers:

Answer 38

long preganglionic and short postganglionic

Question 39

Muscarinic agonist effects

Answer 39

Lacrimation Miosis Nasal drip Salivation Broncho-constriction Diarrhea Urinary incontinence Sweating- hyperhidrosis Decreased HR Muscle contractions -> paralysis

Question 40

how does an ACHesterase INHIBITOR present like a M-agonist?

Answer 40

Increases the half life of acetylcholine by preventing breakdown

Question 41

What type of response is produced by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 41

Pinpoint

Question 42

What type of response is produced by the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 42

Diffuse

Question 43

How does the sympathetic nervous system impact HR and BP?

Answer 43

Increases

Question 44

How does the sympathetic nervous system impact energy stores?

Answer 44

Mobilizes energy stores

Question 45

How does the sympathetic nervous system impact blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart?

Answer 45

Increases blood flow

Question 46

How does the sympathetic nervous system impact blood flow to the skin and internal organs?

Answer 46

Decreases blood flow

Question 47

How does the sympathetic nervous system impact the pupils?

Answer 47

Mydriasis (pupil dilation)

Question 48

How does the sympathetic nervous system impact bronchioles?

Answer 48

Causes dilation of bronchioles

Question 49

Adrenal medulla stimulation leads to activation of what?

Answer 49

Sympathetic nervous system via epinephrine release

Question 50

baroreceptor reflex detailed mechanism

Answer 50

- Decrease in blood pressure causes pressure sensitive neurons to send fewer impulses to the cardiovascular centers of the brain - This prompts a reflex response of increased sympathetic output to the heart and vasculature and decreased parasympathetic output to the heart - result is an increase in BP and tachycardia

Question 51

The heart has vagal parasympathetic innervation that ____________ and sympathetic innervation that _______________

Answer 51

Slows rate of contraction ## Footnote Speeds contraction

Question 52

In the heart, the _________ is predominant for controlling HR

Answer 52

Vagus

Question 53

What organs only receive sympathetic innervation?

Answer 53

Blood vessels Adrenal medulla Sweat glands

Question 54

Pupil dilation is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 54

sympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 55

Pupil constriction is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 55

parasympathetic stimulation

Question 56

Dilation of bronchioles is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 56

Sympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 57

Constriction of bronchioles is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 57

Parasympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 58

Lacrimal secretion is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 58

Parasympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 59

Increased heart rate is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 59

Sympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 60

Decreased heart rate is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 60

Parasympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 61

Decreased gastric motility and tone is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 61

Sympathetic stimulation/actions

Question 62

Increased gastric motility and tone is caused by what stimulation/actions?

Answer 62

Parasympathetic stimulation/actions