Block 10 > micro: protists > Flashcards

micro: protists Flashcards

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1
Q

Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

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2
Q

Protozoans are common in what regions?

A

Tropical

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3
Q

What are the two phases that Protozoans exist in?

A

Cyst - allows them to survive

Trophs - active stage

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4
Q

What are the 4 forms of Protozoans?

A

Ameba
Flagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoans

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5
Q

In what stage would it be best to catch a protozoan pathogen?

A

Trophs - active stage

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6
Q

What are the 3 classes of Pathogenic Protozoans?

A

Intestinal
Urogenital
Blood and tissue

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7
Q

What are the 3 intestinal Protozoan infections?

A

Amebic Dysentery
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidiosis

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8
Q

What is the only important reservoir for Amebic Dysentery?

A

Humans

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9
Q

How does Amebic Dysentery multiply?

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

Amebic dysentery transmission:

A

fecal-oral

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11
Q

How can amebic dysentery be diagnosed?

A

Presence of cysts or trophozoites in the stool

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12
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed and economically important parasite of man in the US?

A

Giardia

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13
Q

Where does Giardia live?

A

small intestine

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14
Q

Giardia wild animal reservoir:

A

Beavers

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15
Q

Giardia exhibits ___________ and ___________ infections

A

Fecal-oral

Waterborne

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16
Q

Where is Giardia common?

A

Day cares
Contaminated rivers and lakes

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17
Q

How do Giardia reproduce?

A

binary fission

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18
Q

How can Giardia be diagnosed?

A

Cysts in formed stools

Trophozites in diarrheic stool

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19
Q

Ocular complications of Giardia

A

Salt and pepper retinopathy
Vasculitis

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20
Q

How can cryptosporidium be diagnosed?

A

With acid fast stain of stool

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21
Q

How does Cryptosporidium act?

A

Become intracellular once in the gut and then disrupts the bodies ability to absorb nutrients

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22
Q

Cryptosporidium causes severe diarrhea for how long?

A

Several weeks

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23
Q

Cryptosporidium was originally a _________ disease contracted by who?

A

Bovine disease contracted by livestock handlers

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24
Q

Cryptosporidium has been more recently associated with what?

A

Contaminated water supplies

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25
How is cryptosporidium contracted?
Ingestion of oocysts
26
What is the only urogenital protozoan infection we care about?
Trichomoniasis
27
Trichomoniasis is caused by what?
Trichomonas vaginalis
28
How is trichomoniasis transmitted?
sexually transmitted
29
What is the most common protozoan infection of human?
Trichomoniasis
30
What is the most common non-viral STD?
Trichomoniasis
31
How can Trichomoniasis be diagnosed?
Presence of trophozites in the discharge
32
Trichomoniasis may lead to what neonatal issue?
Neonatal conjunctivitis
33
What are the 6 blood and tissue Protozoan infections?
Malaria - plasmodia Leishmaniasis - Leishmania Acanthamoeba Naegleria Toxoplasmosis - toxoplasma Trypanosoma
34
Malaria is transmitted by what?
Anopheles mosquito
35
Mechanism of action of malaria once inside the body
Sporozoites go to liver cells where they become schizonts Once released from the liver, RBCs are attacked causing them to all rupture at once This rupture of RBCs causes a SEVERE fever and possibly jaundice
36
How can malaria be diagnosed?
blood smears
37
What are the 5 signs of malarial retinopathy?
Retinal hemes Papilledema Retinal whitening Vascular whitening CWS
38
Malaria during pregnancy can cause 6 main issues, what are they?
Miscarriage Low birth weight Failure to thrive Retinopathy of prematurity* Impaired Neuro-cognitive development Impaired gross motor skills
39
Congenital disease with Toxoplasma gondii can lead to what?
CNS disease and eye infection
40
Systemic disease of Toxoplasma gondii in aids patients shows what symptoms?
Mono-like symptoms
41
How is toxoplasmosis transmitted to Humans?
Cat feces with cysts ## Footnote May also contract by eating meat from an animal that had the disease
42
What is the definitive host of Toxoplasmosis?
cats
43
Toxoplasma gondii causes a ____________ syndrome
Flu-like
44
Toxoplasmosis can show what severe eye related problem?
Severe acute retinochoroiditis
45
Naegleria fowleri causes what disease?
Amebic meningitis
46
Where is Naegleria fowleri found?
Fresh warm water
47
Sinus irrigation with contaminated tap water is associated with what?
Naegleria and fowleri
48
Naegleria fowleri illness starts within __________ days of nasal exposure
9 days
49
Death from Naegleria fowleri occurs within _________ days
19 days
50
Can Naegleria fowleri be contracted by drinking contaminated water?
No
51
Can Naegleria fowleri infection spread from one person to another?
No
52
Is Naegleria fowleri found in salt water?
No
53
Trypanosomiasis is known as?
African sleeping sickness
54
What transmits trypanosomiasis?
tsetse fly
55
How does trypanosomiasis spread in the body?
Spreads from bite into lymph tissues and will invade the CNS releasing toxins causing lethargy
56
American Trypanosomiasis is transmitted via ________________ that enter a wound or the conjunctiva
Insect droppings
57
Trypanosomiasis reservoirs
Cattle and antelope
58
Ocular manifestation of trypanosomiasis
Oculomotor paresis - diplopia
59
What are the 3 forms of acanthamoeba?
Flagellate Trophozoite Cyst
60
Acanthamoeba free living parasites are found in __________ supply
Water
61
Acanthamoeba is associated with what eye related issue?
Severe keratitis
62
Severe keratitis from acanthamoeba can occur due to _________ exposure and alongside _________________
Water exposure alongside contact lens wear
63
Acanthamoeba keratitis exhibits a classic ____________ infiltrate
Ring
64
What is unique about patient presentation with Acanthamoeba?
Increased pain reported by patient with few signs of infection
65
Which parasite is the most common protozoan infection and the most common non-viral STD?
D. Trichomonas
66
A recall of Complete MoisturePlus is associated with pathogen _________________
Acanthomoeba
67
Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the ____________
Sandfly
68
How does sleeping relate to Leishmaniasis?
Can help prevent Leishmaniasis by sleeping off the ground due to sandflies being poor fliers
69
What is the reservoir of Leishmaniasis
dogs
70
Leishmaniasis can multiply in _______________ and cause ________ and __________ enlargement
Macrophage ## Footnote Liver and spleen
71
Which form of Leishmaniasis is most common?
cutaneous
72
Leishmaniasis is diagnosed with what stain?
Giemsa
73
Eye sequelae of Leishmaniasis
Conjunctivitis Episcleritis Panuveitis Corneal ulcer
74
What are the 3 intestinal protozoan parasites?
Amebic dysentery Giardia Cryptosporidium
75
Dysentery reservoir
Humans
76
How is dysentery diagnosed?
Cysts or trophs in stool
77
Giardia wild animal reservoir
beaver
78
What was the only urogenital protozoan pathogen discussed?
Trichomoniasis
79
What is the most common non-viral STD in the USA?
Trichomoniasis
80
Trichomoniasis can cause what neonatal issue?
Neonatal conjunctivitis
81
How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?
Trophs in discharge
82
What are the 6 blood and tissue protozoan pathogens?
Plasmodia - malaria Leishmania Toxoplasmosis Trypanosoma Acanthamoeba Naegleria
83
How is malaria transmitted?
Anopheles mosquito
84
What are the signs of malarial retinopathy?
Retinal Hemes Papilledema Retinal whitening Vascular whitening CWS
85
Leishmania is transmitted by
sandflies
86
Reservoir of leishmania
Dogs
87
Toxoplasmosis reservoir/definitive host
cats
88
Trypanosoma is transmitted by ______________
tsetse fly
89
What organism is responsible for a severe microbial keratitis that results in a ring infiltrate?
Acanthamoeba
90
Naegleria has a _____________ fatality rate
High
91
The protozoal trophozoite phase is characterized by:
C. active feeding and reproduction.
92
Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria, is an example of:
a sporozoan.
93
A US businessman who has recently returned home from Haiti suddenly develops a periodic high fever followed by orthostatic hypotension. What is the likely preliminary diagnosis?
Malaria
94
A 22-year-old woman visits her gynecologist complaining of a foul-smelling vaginal discharge and severe itching. A specimen was collected and examined by light microscopy revealing highly motile, nucleated cells with multiple flagella. What is the most likely causative agent of this infection?
Trichomonas vaginalis
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