micro RNA virus flashcards justus
(109 cards)
1
Q
1 cause for aseptic meningitis?
A
enterovirus genus
2
Q
1 casue for common cold?
A
Rhinovirus
3
Q
how many serotypes does polio have?
A
- 1, 2, 3
4
Q
why Is enterovirus genus called enterovirus?
A
bc most viruses from this genus are transmitted fecal orally.
usually don’t cause enteric disease
5
Q
what do most enteroviruses cause to cells?
A
cell lysis
6
Q
pathogenesis of polio virus?
A
- replicates in lymphoid tissues (2-3 weeks)
- spreds to anterior horn motor neurons
- causes lysis of AMHN
- leads to paralysis
7
Q
outcome of poliomyelitis
A
- Asymtomatic 75% (normal fnx immunesystem)
- abortive poliomyelitis 20% URTi + GI disturbance
- nonparalytic aseptic meningitis 1-5%
- paralytic poliomyelitits 0,1-0,5%
8
Q
Paralytic poliomyelitits classification
A
flaccid paralisis most commonly in lower libs 1. bulbar polio most severe-- breathing muscles 2. spinal 3. bulbospinal
9
Q
Post polio syndrom
A
after 20 years
symptoms are muscle weakness, pain and fatigue
10
Q
Polio vaccines
A
- INACTIVATED Polio Vacine (IPV)- Salk- I.M.
2. LIVE ATTENUATED bivalent Polio vaccine (OPV)- sabin orally
11
Q
most common time for enterovirus genus infection?
A
summmmmmaaaaaaa timeeeeeee
12
Q
Pathogenese of coxsackie virus
A
- replication of GI lymphoid mucosa
- primary viremia: travel to target tissue (e.g. heart)
- second phase replication
- seocndary viremia
13
Q
wich serotype causes hand foot mouth disease?
A
Coxsackie A 16
and enterovirus 71
14
Q
clinical picture of hand foot mouth disease
A
Red itchy vesicular rash on hand foot and mouth (duh)
MILD fever
15
Q
diseases caused by Coxsackie A virus
A
- hand foot mouth
- Herpangina
- acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
- aseptic meningitis
16
Q
what is herpangina?
A
caused by coxsackie A
painful blisters at back of mouth (1 week)
17
Q
what causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis?
A
Coxsackie A 24
exteamly contagious
24h incubation
1-2 weeks
18
Q
diseases caused by Coxsackie B
A
- pleurodynia (devils grip, Brohnolm disease)
- myocarditis (dilative cardiomyopathy)
- pericarditis
- aseptic meningits
19
Q
what is the disease called caused by coxsackie B which causes lower chest pain?
A
Pleurodynia
20
Q
what kind of heart diseases does coxsacky cause?
A
Dialative cardiomyopathy…
pericarditis
21
Q
how many seortypes does rhinovirus has?
A
113
22
Q
mode of transmission of rhinovirus?
A
respiratory droplets.
it is acid labile, so it can’t survive the travel down to the GI…
23
Q
Pathogenese of Rhinovirus
A
- respiratory droplets
- atttaches cia ICAM1 in URT epithelium to enter cells.
- repilcates in Nasal Epithelium
- grows at colder temps (33C) so URT is nice since its a natural AC with air moving in and out.
24
Q
causes of common cold DDx:
A
#1 casue is rhinovirus DURING SUMMER Corina virus DURING FALL
25
symptoms of common cold
1. cough
2. rhinorrhea
3. sneezing
4. nasal congestion
5. sorethrought
6. headache
7. malaise
NO FEVER!!!
symptoms for 3-10 days
26
Types of Cardiovirus
```
Cardiovirus A (only 1 serotype)
Cardiovirus B (several serotypes)
```
27
serotypes of Cardiovirus B
1. Theilers murine encephalomyelitis virus
| 2. saffold virus
28
Reservoir of Cardiovirus
zoogenic
29
what does the cardio virus infect
GI
Heart
CNS
30
what diseases does cardio virus cause?
1. Myocarditis
2. gastroentritis
3. flue like symptoms
4. Flaccid paralyzes
31
which virus enters via clathrin-mediated endocytosis?
Aphtovirus
32
what does Aphtovirus casue?
Foot-mouth disease
usually only in animals
transmitted by respiratory droplets
URT repilaction
33
pathogenesis of Hepatits A virus
1. ingestion of virus
2. entering epithelium of pharynx or intestine (acid stable
3. enters blood to reach liver
4. replication in Hepatocytes and kupfer cells
5. NO LYSIS
6. Vision into bile
7. shed via stool (fecal oral transmission yay)
34
how long does the hepatitis last in Hep A infection?
1 month. acute not chronic state.
asymptomatic in children
jaundice and vomiting in adults
35
Diagnosis of Hep A virus
Serology- Anti-HAV IgM by Elisa
36
which family is Hepatitis E virus in?
Hepeviridae
37
transmission of Hep E virus
fecal oral
Blood
trans-placental (not like Hep B, its too big, can only be transmitted by direct blood transmission so in the case of transvagianl brith...)
38
Diseases caused by Hep E virus
acute hepatitis
usually mild diseases
Severe in 20% of pregant women FULMINANT LIVER FAILUTRE
39
what disease does HEV cause in pregnant women?
Fulminant liver failure
40
diagnosis of HEV
serorlogy- IgM or IgG anti-HEV
41
Arbovirus infections
1. Flavavirus (except Hep C)
2. Togavirus
3. Bunyavirus
4. Reo virus
4. orthomyxovirus
42
Diseases and complication of Dengue fever:
1. Break bone fever
1. very high fever, headache, vommiting, muscle pain
2. Severe hemorrhagic dengue fever:
1. Thrombocytopenia
2. hemorragic fever
3. renal failure
43
Symptoms of yellow fever infection
1. Jaunidce
2. backache
3. bloody diarrhea
nausea
headache
vomminting
44
host and vector of West Nile virus
vector: Culex mosquito
host: birds
45
complications of West Nile virus infection
1. Encephalitis
2. meningitis
3. flaccid paralyses
4. seizures
5. coma
46
diagnosis of Flavavirus family?
Serology: ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition, Latex agglutination
47
vaccinations for flavivirus family?
only for yellow fever
non obligatory
LIVE attenuated vax
48
explain why there isn't a vaccine for HCV.
virus encoded RNA polymerase doesn't have 3-5 proofreading. causes frequent mutations. antigenic VARIABLITLY-- no vaccine.
49
Transmission of HCV
blond trasnfurion
drug use
sexual contact
50
how does HBV enter hepatocytes?
CD81 (tetraspanin receptor)
| coats in LDL and uses LDLr like a Trojan horse
51
what causes Liver damage in HCV infection?
immune responds of CTTC
| chronic state will exhauste CD8+ cells.
52
extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection?
Glomerolunephrophathy
53
Diagnosis of HCV infecrion
1. acute infection: ALT will raise
2. ELISA anti HCV AB and confirm with western blot (like HIV)
3. Cryoglobulins IgM precipitation in cooler temp
4. liver biopsy
54
Arbo viruses of the rotavirus family
Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
55
pathogenesis of Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Breoad tissue tropism
| after replication release by cell lysis
56
disease of Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
usually asymptomatic- low grade disease flue symptoms
progresses to encephalitis (ends with paralysis, metal retadation, seizures, death
57
Vaccinations for Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus?
only for EEE and WEE
| KILLED vaccine
58
Transmission of Rubella virus
```
respiratory droplets
vertical transmission (TORCHES)
```
59
Pathogenesis of Rubella virus
infects URT
spreads to local LN
Broad tissue tropism
no cell lysis!!!!!
60
diseases of rubella virus
1. Childhood rubella
2. adult rubella
3. congenital rubella
61
Childhood rubella presentation
1. postauricular Lymphadenopathy
| 2. maculopapullar rash face downwards
62
how Ddx rubella from measles?
rubella maculopapullar rash is pink, pinpoint, and moves faster
63
Adult rubella presantiona
Lymphadenopathy
fever
arthirits
64
Conjential rubella prsantion
1. cataracts
2. deafness
3. PDA
4. jaudice
5. bluebarry rash
65
vcxx of rubella?
MMR
live attenuated
do not give to pregnant women
66
structure of corona virus
Positive RNA
Enveloped
Helical
67
why does corona virus look crown shaped?
Has peplomers on the surface made out of Hemagglutinin
68
Pathogenesis of Crona virus
usually remains in URT
| but eg SARS can spread to LRT
69
diseases by Corona virus
1. common cold
2. SARS leading to bronchitis and ARDS
3. MERS = middle eastern respiratory syndrome
70
Characteristics of Othomyxxovirus
1. negative RNA
2. eveloped
3. helical
4. AG drift and shift
5. Segemtned
71
where does Orthomyxovirus replicate?
in the nucleus
| only RNA virus besides HIV who does it.
72
what is antigenic drift?
point mutation in HA and NA proteins
| causes epidemics of influenza A and B
73
what is antigenic shift
Co infection of two different strains of infuelnza A virus
leads ti gene ressortment
Influenza A only
leads to pandemics like swine flue
74
what virulence factor determines the cell tropism in othromyxovirus?
Hemagglutinin HA
| different Antigens on different Virus
75
Pathogenese of orthomyxovirus
1. HA binds to cells
2. endocytosis
3. pH regulation by M2 protein
4. Neuroaminidase cleaves silica acid to release vision from cell
76
diseases caused by Orhtomyxovirus
infulenza: upper or lower RTI
| fever, chills, muscle pain...
77
complication of Orhtomyxovirus infection
1. pneumonia
2. Bronchitis
3. guillan- garre syndrome
78
what is fusion protein?
causes respiratory epithelium to fuse-- forming syncytial( a multinucleate cell which result from fusion of mono nucleated cells
79
different name for measles virus
rubeola
| morbili
80
viruelce factors of measles virus
1. hemagglutinin
| 2. fusion protein
81
clincial presentation of Measles
4C
1. cough
2. coryza (runny nose)
3. conjunctivits
4. koplik spots
5. makulo papular rash face down spread
82
what are koplik spots?
small blueish-with spots with red background in oral mucosa
83
what are the late complications of measles?
giant cell pneumonia
| subacute scleoring pan encephalitis (SSPE)
84
prevention of Measles?
MMR, live attenuated vax
| Vitamin A
85
diseases caused by mumps
1. parotitis
2. orchitis
3. pancreatitis
4. meningoencephaltiis
86
virulence factors of mumps
fusion protein
hemagglutinsn
neuraminidase
87
Pathogenese of respiratory syncytial virus
attaches to G protein to infect respiratory epithelium
88
virulence factors of RSV
only fusion protein
89
diseases caused by RSV?
#1 casue of infant atypical pneumonia
low fever
in adults usually just a cold
90
diseases caused by parainfluenza virus
1. Croup (laryngeotrachenobronchitis)
2. seal barking
3. inspiratory stridor
4. subglottal swelling
91
what is the causative agent for rabies?
Lyssavirus
92
characteristics of rhabdo virus
negative RNA enveloped, helical
| bullet shaped
93
pathogeneis of Rhabdovirus
1. glycoproteins on capsule will attach to nicotine ACH receptors and neutralize AB
2. Muschel enters muscles and replicates
3. virus travels up the nerves after days to months
4. affects DRGGL and CNS
5. travel depends how far the wound is from CNS
94
rabies symptoms
1. tingling and numbness
2. spasms of muscles
3. saliva glands
4. encephalitis and swelling
5. Hydrophobie
6. seizuses
7. respiratory arrest
95
pathogenesis of Filovirus
attachment vie glycoproteins to Neimann-pick receptor
2. endocytosis
3. release of contents
4. Ran used as template makes proteins
5. release
96
what receptors does ebola bind to?
Neumann-pick receptor
97
disease of ebola and Margbug virus?
severe from of hemorrhagic fever
death due to hypovolumenic shock
MOF
98
which viruses are medial relevant in the filovirus family?
Ebola virus
| Marburg virus
99
where does bunyavirus obtain its envelope?
from golgiaperatus
100
what are the segmented viruses?
```
BOAR
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus
Arenavirus
Reovirus
```
101
What disease is casused by Hantavirus
Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
| Pulmonary syndorme
102
what diseases are caused by Rift Valley fever virus and by California encephalitis virus
Rift Valley fever and California encephalitis
103
transmission of bunyavirus
all are arbovirus except hantavirus
104
what are the symptoms of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever?
1. fever
2. muscle pain
3. headcache
4. diahrreha
5. bleeding into skin
6. liver failure
7. Kinder damage
8. DIC
Shock and death
105
characteristics of Arena virus?
```
circular
ambisense
ssRNA
enveloped
helical
segemtned (2)
```
106
pathogenesis of arena virus
infects macrophages
erlasse IFN-- vascualr and cellular damage
Cells Weill cause more tissue damage
incubation 10-14 days
107
desisease casuesed by arena virus
```
Lymphocitic choriomengitits (LCMV)
Lassa hemorragic fever
```
108
what is Lymphocitic Choriomeningitis?
biphasic
1. flue like symptoms
2. memnigis and encephalitis with lymphocyte infiltration o choroid plexus
109
what is LASSA hemorrhagic fever?
50% mortality hemorrhagic fever
| death due to hypovolemic shock
