Microbio Chapter 24- Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory system

Question 1

What media does Strep thoat grow in?

Answer 1

Blood agar

Question 1

What microbial diseases affect the UPPER respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Strep throat
Scarlet fever
Otitis media
Diptheriae

Question 2

How is strep throat diagnosed?

Answer 2

Throat swab with exudate

Question 3

What is a sequel to strep throat?

Answer 3

Scarlet “fever”

Question 4

What exotoxin causes Scarlet fever?

Answer 4

SPE
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin aka erythrogenic exotoxin
-Chanegs permeability of RBCs

Question 5

Scarlet fever symptoms?

Answer 5

1. Fever
2. Skin rash
3. Red cheeks
4. Swollen, red tongue

Question 6

What is strep throat/scarlet fever treated with?

Answer 6

Penicillin/erythromycin

Question 7

What is Otitis media caused by?

Answer 7

a. Nasopharyngeal infections
b. Contaminated H2O

Question 8

Example of bacteria causing nasopharyngeal infections leading to otitis media?

Answer 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 9

Otitis media symptoms?

Answer 9

Pus forms
-Can be painful which causes vominiting

Question 10

If otitis media is a viral infection what happens?

Answer 10

Less pus produced

Question 11

Is bacterial or viral otitis media harder to treat?

Answer 11

Viral b.c there aren’t any anti-virals to treat it

Question 12

What does Diptheriae bacteria produce?

Answer 12

Classic A-B exotoxin

Question 13

What kind of disease is Diptheriae?

Answer 13

Progressive, goes through different phases

Question 14

How many phases does diphtheria go through?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What occurs during Phase #1 of diphtheria?

Answer 15

1. Mild fever
2. Sore throat
3. Fatigue
4. Neck swells

Question 16

What occurs during Phase #2 of diphtheria?

Answer 16

5. Fluid oozes
6. Fluid thickens
7. Pseudomembrane forms (requires surgery)
8. Airway obstructed (Air occluded)
9. Suffocation
10. Death

Question 17

What is the cutaneous form of diphtheria?

Answer 17

Skin ulcers form, septicaemia sets in

Question 18

Is Diphtheria preventable?

Answer 18

Yes, Dtap vaccine

Question 19

What microbial diseases affect the LOWER respiratory tract?

Answer 19

Whooping cough/Pertussis
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Influenza

Question 20

What bacteria causes whooping cough?

Answer 20

Bordetella pertussis

Question 21

What structure does Bordetella pertussis cell have?

Answer 21

A capsule

Question 22

What does Bordetella pertussis produce?

Answer 22

Exotoxin (Tracheal cytotoxin) and endotoxin

Question 23

What causes the extreme coughing associated with Whooping cough?

Answer 23

The exotoxin (Tracheal cytotoxin) which causes the death of ciliated tracheal cells make mucous accumulate

Question 24

What are the 3 stages of Pertussis?

Answer 24

1. Catarrhal 2. Paroxysmal 3. Convalescence

Question 25

What occurs during Stage #1 Cattarrhal of whooping cough?

Answer 25

Fever and cold

Question 26

What occurs during Stage #2 Paroxysmal of whooping cough?

Answer 26

Bouts of violent coughing Seizures, epilepsy

Question 27

What occurs during Stage #3 Convalescence of whooping cough?

Answer 27

Gets better/ recovery -Can last a very long time (weeks-months)

Question 28

What are three divisions of pathogenesis for Tuberculosis?

Answer 28

A. Healthy individual B. Partial failure of immunity C. Total failure of immunity

Question 29

Is whooping cough preventable?

Answer 29

Yes, Dtap vaccine but requires boosters

Question 30

What is the pathogenesis of Tuberculosis in a healthy individual?

Answer 30

Immunity: Infection arrested by macrophages -Infection is present but no symptoms, latent form

Question 31

What is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis when there is a partial failure of immunity?

Answer 31

Tubercle forms, becomes classified= GHON complexes

Question 32

What is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis when there is a total failure of immunity?

Answer 32

Tubercle ruptures Aka the Miliary form or consumption -Weight loss, loss of vigour and a sputum diagnosis can occur.

Question 33

What antibiotics are used to treat T.B?

Answer 33

Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide

Question 34

What is Isoniazid used for in T.B treatment?

Answer 34

First line of defence: Blocks mycolic acid formation

Question 35

What is Ethambutol used for in T.B treatment?

Answer 35

Weaker: Blocks stuff entering cell wall

Question 36

Is T.B preventable?

Answer 36

Yes, BCG (Bacilli Palmette Guerin) vaccine

Question 37

How is Tuberculosis diagnosed?

Answer 37

via Mantoux test

Question 38

What is a Mantoux test?

Answer 38

Purified version (Proteins) of TB injected into forearm, If red swelling occurs around injection site there is an on going TB infection.

Question 39

What causes Typical pneumonia?

Answer 39

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 40

How is typical pneumoniae diagnosed?

Answer 40

Capsular antigen in urine

Question 41

What are the two categories of pneumonia?

Answer 41

Typical and Atypical

Question 42

How is Atypical pneumoniae different than typical?

Answer 42

It has a slower onset, less fever and less chest pain

Question 43

What causes Atypical pneumonia?

Answer 43

Bacteria and virus

Question 44

Examples of bacteria causing Atypical pneumonia?

Answer 44

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Coxiella burnetti

Question 45

What virus causes Atypical pneumonia?

Answer 45

RSV -Respiratory Syncytial Virus aka Houdini virus

Question 46

Who is commonly affected by RSV?

Answer 46

Elderly populations and infants

Question 47

What does RSV atypical pneumonia cause?

Answer 47

Wheezing (O2 impeded) Bronchitis

Question 48

What does Syncytial mean?

Answer 48

Giant cell forms by two cells joining

Question 49

Does influenza have intestinal symptoms?

Answer 49

No

Question 50

Why are influenza vaccines unable to provide long term immunity?

Answer 50

Antigenic shift and drift -Mutations occur often

Question 51

What is antigenic drift?

Answer 51

Minor changes in NA and HA spikes -Occurs annually H1N1

Question 52

What is antigenic shift?

Answer 52

Major changes in HA and NA spikes -Causes pandemics H5N1

Question 53

What pandemic of influenza occurred in 1918?

Answer 53

Spanish flu