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Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 > Microbio Chapter 25- Microbial diseases of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Microbio Chapter 25- Microbial diseases of the Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are microbial diseases that affect the oral cavity?

A

Dental caries
Periodental diseases

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2
Q

What bacteria causes dental caries?

A

Streptococcus mutans

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3
Q

What does S. mutans do to teeth?

A

Attaches to tooth via capsule and causes plaque to form and can lead to dental decay

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4
Q

What are 2 periodontal diseases?

A
  1. Gingivitis
  2. Periodontitis
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5
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

inflammation and bleeding of the gums

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6
Q

What bacterias cause gingivitis?

A

S. mutans
Bacteriodetes
Fusobacterium

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7
Q

What happens if gingivitis is not treated/maintained?

A

Can lead to Periodontitis

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8
Q

What is Periodontitis?

A

Pockets in gums form, gums recede and pus is produced. Teeth loosen and fall out.

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9
Q

What dental operation treats periodontitis?

A

A root canal

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10
Q

What bacteria causes chronic periodontitis?

A

A bacteriodoite called Porphyromonas gingivalis
-Producrs exotoxins and endotoxins contributing to the pus secretion

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11
Q

What is an infection (GI tract)?

A

Bacteria in food or water grow in the stomach during an incubation period

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12
Q

What is intoxication (GI Tract)?

A

Bacteria already growing in food gets eaten and toxins are ingested

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13
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Bacteria causing inflammation of stomach and intestine

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14
Q

What treats infection/intoxication?

A

-oral rehydration therapy (ORT) e.g Electrolytes, soup
-Antibiotics

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15
Q

What are general symptoms of Gastroenteritis?

A

Fever,
nausea ,vomiting and diarrhoea or dysentry
Constipation
Shock

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16
Q

What are some bacterias affecting the digestive system?

A

Staphylococcus areus
Shigella dystenteriae
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella typhi
Vibrio cholerae
Escheria coli
Complyobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Clostridium difficile

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17
Q

What does S. aureus produce?

A

Superantigen (enterotoxin)

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18
Q

How is S. aureus spread?

A

Food like chicken, ham, creamy foods

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19
Q

How should food be stored to prevent S. aureus growth?

A

Hot food—> kept hot
Cold food—> kept cold
Food handler can contaminate food with bacteria
-Handwashing

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20
Q

What does S. dysenteriea produce?

A

Shiga toxin

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21
Q

How is S. dysenteriae spread?

A

Fecal oral route
Commonly spread in day cares

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22
Q

What does S. dysenteriae cause?

A

Shiga toxin in large intestine causes an abscess to form and leave scarring
-~20 bowel movements a day
-Dehydration

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23
Q

How is Shigellosis treated?

A

ORT
Fluoroquinolones

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24
Q

How is S. enteric (salmonellosis) spread?

A

Food source: Poultry, beef, raw eggs or veggies
Sometimes pets

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25
How is S. typhi spread?
Human source only -often life-long carriers
26
Where does S. typhi accumulate in the body?
Gallbladder
27
Who is Typhoid Mary?
Infamous typhoid carrier who allegedly gave rise to multiple outbreaks of typhoid fever.
28
How is Typhoid fever spread?
Fecal-oral route
29
Typhoid fever: Symptoms
Constipation, hemorrhaging, rose spots, rash and a VERY HIGH FEVER
30
How is Typhoid fever treated?
Cephalosporin
31
What does V. cholerae produce?
Vibriotoxin
32
What does V. cholerae cause?
Cholera -Rice-water stools -20L of lost fluid -Shock, death
33
What country experienced a V. cholerae outbreak in 2010?
Haiti
34
How is V. cholerae treated?
ORT (w/ clean water) Tetracycline
35
What are the 5 types of E. coli?
1. ETEC 2. EAEC 3. EPEC 4. EIEC 5. EHEC
36
What is ETEC?
Entero Toxigenic E. coli
37
What is ETEC responsible for?
~60% of Traveller's diarrhoea cases
38
What is EAEC?
entero Aggretative E. coli
39
What is EAEC responsible for?
~35-40% of traveller's diarrhoea cases
40
What is EPEC?
Entero Pathogenic E. coli
41
What is EPEC responsible for?
Chronic diarrhoea in newborns
42
What is EIEC?
Entero invasive E. coli
43
What is EIEC responsible for?
Dysentry
44
What is EHEC?
Entero Hemorrhagic E. coli
45
What is EHEC responsible for?
Causes HUS -Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (kidney failure)
46
What does C. jejuni cause?
Gastroenteritis
47
What is a rare complication associated with C. jejuni?
Guillian-Barre syndrome
48
What is Guillian-Barre syndrome?
Causes paralysis 1/1000 chance
49
What does H. pylori cause?
Stomach ulcers
50
What structure does H.pylori bacteria have?
Flagella
51
What does H. pylori produce?
Exotoxin and enzyme
52
What does the exotoxin that H. pylori produces do?
Decreases stomach acid
53
What enzyme does H. pylori produce?
Urease
54
What does Urease do?
Degrades urea releasing ammonia, making environment less acidic !!!MORE ALKALINE
55
How does H. pylori evade immune system cells?
Destroys phagocytes
56
How is H.pylori diagnosed?
Urea breath test
57
.What is a urea breath test?
Urea is swallowed and the amount of radioactive CO2 exhaled is measured
58
What is a symptom of H. pylori?
Extreme belching
59
How is H. pylori treated?
Metronidazole
60
What does C. diff cause?
Colitis
61
What does C. diff produce?
A-B exotoxin and exoenzymes
62
What structure does C. diff have?
Endospores
63
Where is C. diff commonly spread?
Nosocomial and day cares
64
How is C. diff treated?
Antibiotics -Stop use and a new regimen is started
65
What are viral diseases affecting the digestive system?
Mumps Hepatitis
66
Is Mumps preventable?
Yes, MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, rubella)
67
How long does Mumps incubate for?
After entry it incubates for 16-18 days and lodges
68
Symptoms of mumps?
Fever Difficulty swallowing and talking ---> Viral anorexia Headache Viremia meningitis Deafness
69
In males, mumps viremia causes what?
Orchitis (Inflammation of testis)
70
In females, mumps viremia causes what?
Pelvic inflammation, ovaries affected
71
What are the different types of Hepatitis?
Hep A Hep B Hep C (Non A-B) Hep D Hep E F, G, H
72
What is the infectious form of Hepatitis?
Hep A
73
How is Hep A transmitted?
Fecal-oral route
74
Is Hep A chronic?
No chronic form
75
Is Hep A preventable?
YES there is a vaccine that uses the inactivated form of the virus
76
What Hepatitis is the serum form (blood)?
Hep B
77
How is Hep B transmitted?
Blood, Injection drug use, semen
78
Is Hep B preventable?
YES there is a vaccine that uses recombinant technology using the capsid and genetically engineered yeast
79
What are the infectious particles of Hep B called?
Dane particles -Which are complete virions
80
Is Hep B chronic?
85% recover from acute 15% chronic, dane particle stays= Cancer
81
How is Hep B treated?
Lamivudine ®
82
How is Hep C (Non A-B) transmitted?
Blood, injection drug users, semen
83
Is Hep C preventable?
No there isn't a vaccine
84
Is Hep C chronic?
85% are chronic 15% liver disease
85
How is Hep C treated?
Ribavirin + Interferon®
86
How is Hep D transmitted?
Hep D only occurs in people infected with Hep B. Hep D is spread from person to person via blood.
87
Is Hep D preventable?
Yes, the vaccine for Hep B (Recombinant: yeast+capsid) to prevent Hep D infection
88
Why is Hep D defective?
It is missing a capsid
89
Is Hep D chronic?
-Patient with acute Hep B will have acute Hep D Patient with chronic Hep B will have chronic Hep D
90
How is Hep E transmitted?
Fecal-oral route
91
What hepatitis does Hep E resemble?
Hep A
92
Is Hep E chronic?
No but it is responsible for a 20% mortality rate in pregnant women
93
Is Hep E preventable?
Yes, HAV vaccine

Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 (18 decks)

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