Microbio Chapter 3- Microorganisms through a microscope

Question 1

What kind of stain is used to stain bacteria?

Answer 1

Basic

Question 2

What is the exception for a basic stain?

Answer 2

Glycocalyx uses acidic stain

Question 3

What are the types of stains?

Answer 3

Simple
Differential
Special

Question 4

What kind of dye is used for simple stains?

Answer 4

Single basic dye

Question 5

What is the purpose of using simple stain?

Answer 5

Highlight the entire microorganism
-cellular shapes and basic structures are visible

Question 6

What is the purpose of a mordant?

Answer 6

Intensify the stain

Question 7

What is the function of a mordant?

Answer 7

Increase the affinity and increase thickness

Question 8

What are differential stains?

Answer 8

react differently depending on which bacteria is stained

Question 9

What do differential stains distinguish between?

Answer 9

Gram-stains and Acid-fast stains

Question 10

What are Gram-stains primary stain?

Answer 10

Crystal violet

Question 11

What colour does crystal violet turn the bacteria?

Answer 11

Purple

Question 11

What is the mordant used for gram stains?

Answer 11

Iodine

Question 12

What colour does iodine turn the bacteria?

Answer 12

Stays purple

Question 13

What is the decolourizing agent in gram stains?

Answer 13

Alcohol: Acetone or 95% ethanol

Question 14

What colour does gram positive turn when the decolonizing agent is introduced?

Answer 14

Stays purple

Question 15

What colour does gram negative turn when the decolorizing agent is introduced?

Answer 15

becomes colourless

Question 16

What is the counterstain used for gram-stains?

Answer 16

Safranin

Question 17

What colour does gram positive turn when the counterstain is applied?

Answer 17

Stays purple

Question 18

What colour does gram negative turn when the counterstain is applied?

Answer 18

Red/pink

Question 19

What is an acid-fast stain?

Answer 19

Only binds to waxy material in cell walls (Mycobacterium species - Mycolic acid)

Question 20

What is the primary stain in Acid-fast staining?

Answer 20

Carbolfuchsin and is then heated

Question 21

What colour does carbolfuchsin turn the bacteria?

Answer 21

Red

Question 22

What is the decolorizing agent of acid fast stains?

Answer 22

Acid-alcohol

Question 23

What bacteria becomes colourless when the decolorizing agent is applied in acid fast stains?

Answer 23

NON-acid fast

Question 24

What happens to acid-fast bacteria when the decolorizing agent is applied?

Answer 24

Stays red

Question 25

What is the counterstain used for acid-fast stains?

Answer 25

Methylene blue

Question 26

What colour does Acid-fast bacteria turn when methylene blue is applied?

Answer 26

Stays red

Question 27

What colour does non-Acid-fast bacteria turn when methylene blue is applied?

Answer 27

Turns blue

Question 28

Examples of bacteria stained by acid-fast stains?

Answer 28

TB and leprosy

Question 29

what are the types of special stains?

Answer 29

Glycocalyx/capsule stain Endospore stain Flagella stain

Question 30

Is the primary stain used for capsule staining acidic or basic?

Answer 30

ACIDIC

Question 31

What is the primary stain used for capsule stain?

Answer 31

India Ink or Nigrosin

Question 32

What is the purpose of India ink and nigrosin?

Answer 32

Provides a contrasting background after the water wash

Question 33

What is the counterstain used for capsule staining?

Answer 33

Safranin

Question 34

What is the primary stain for endospore staining?

Answer 34

Malachite green after being heated

Question 35

What is the counterstain used for endospore stains?

Answer 35

Safranin (turn red) after water wash

Question 36

What is the primary stain used for flagella stains?

Answer 36

Carbolfuchsin

Question 37

What is the mordant used for flagella stains?

Answer 37

potassium alum (turns dark red)