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Microbiology Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Thermo/meso/psychro philes

A

thermo high (50-60F)

meso med (20-40F)

psychro low (10-20F)

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2
Q

Acid/alkali philes

A

pH 2-5

pH > 8.5

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3
Q

Symbiosis

A

living together closely of two organisms of different species

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4
Q

Commensalism

A

symbiotic relationship where one symbiont gets benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited

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5
Q

Neutralism

A

commensalic relationship (infer)

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6
Q

Parasitism

A

symbiotic relationship where one symbiont benefits at the expense of the host

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7
Q

Spirilla

A

singular

sometimes chained

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8
Q

Bacterial reproduction

A

binary fusion

one cell –> two (division plane)

daughter cells

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9
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

light + organic compounds other than CO2

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10
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

chemical + organic compounds other than CO2

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11
Q

Morphology

A

3 shapes - different cell walls

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12
Q

Cocci

A

spherical/ball shaped

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13
Q

Bacilli

A

cylindrical/rod shaped

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14
Q

Spirilla

A

spiral, rigid, cylindrical

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15
Q

Cell theory

A

unit of life is the CELL

living things have more than one cell

all cells come from pre existing cells

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16
Q

Prokaryotic cell structure

A

small 1-5 micrometers

simple cytoplasmic membrane

lack specialized structures/organelles

single chromosome nucleus

unicellular

kingdom monera

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17
Q

Mutualism

A

symbiotic relationship where both organisms live together in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationship

need for survival

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18
Q

Grouping

A

bacteria vary in arrangement or style of cell grouping

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19
Q

Bacilli (grouping)

A

singular

pair - diplobacilli

chain - streptobacilli

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20
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

method of assigning specific scientific names to individual organisms

Genus species

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21
Q

Phototroph

A

light as energy source

light –> chemical energy

photosynthesis

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22
Q

Chemotroph

A

organic/inorganic chemicals as energy

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23
Q

Taxonomy

A

formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming all living things

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24
Q

Human prion diseases (4)

A

creutzfieldt jakob disease

gerstmann strussler sheinker syndrome

kuru

fatal-familial insomnia

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25
Cell envelope
chemically complex covering 1/2 prokaryotic cell volume multiple stacked layers protective
26
Cell envelope layers
glycocalyx cell wall cytoplasmic membrane
27
Cell wall
rigid, intermediate layer shape/structural support peptidoglycan strong/flexile stops lysis, increased internal pressure
28
Cell wall groups
gram positive gram negative
29
Generation/doubling time
complex cycle of binary fission each cycle doubles population optimum conditions 30-60min
30
Lag phase
less than exponential intense metabolic activity in preparation
31
Log phase
max rates of metabolic activity/division growth outpaces death
32
Mesosome
invagination of cell membrane extending into protoplasm increase surface area for chem. reactions
33
Endospore
dorment body produced by gram pos bacteria survive metabolically inactive minimal activity virtually immortal
34
Cocci (grouping)
singular pair - diplococci four - tetrad cluster - staphylococci chain - streptococci
35
Prion
small, proteinaceous infectious fatal neurological disease affect humans + animals
36
Louis Pasteur
father of bacteriology germ theory of fermentation germ theory of disease
37
Joseph Lister
aseptic technique instrument disinfection gowning/gloving
38
Robert Koch
koch's postulates
39
Hans Gram
gram stain - bacterial identification violet - positive red counterstain - negative
40
Abiogenesis
spontaneous generation life arises from vital forces in nonliving matter 1900 years
41
viruses are __ __ __ reproduce only __ __ __ __ may __ outside living cells
obligate intracellular parasites within another living cell survive
42
Viroids and prions
infectious agents non living obligate intracellular parasites
43
Flagella
appendages that provide self-propulsion
44
Monotrichous flagella
single at one pole
45
Amphitrichous flagella
single at each pole
46
Peritrichous flagella
flagella dispersed uniformly over entire surface
47
Lophotrichous flagella
tufts of flagella at one or both poles
48
Autotroph
CO2 as carbon
49
Heterotroph
organic compounds other than CO2 as carbon source
50
Biogenesis
life from living organisms of own kind 200 years proved by pasteur 1861
51
Germ theory of disease
each disease caused by a specific organism
52
Obligate aerobe
20-21% oxygen
53
Facultative anaerobe
capable of living with or without oxygen 0-21%
54
Obligate anaerobe
no oxygen
55
Capnophile
5-10% CO2
56
Acellular organisms are __ considered to be living
not
57
Koch's postulates
steps to provide proof through experimentation specific microorganisms cause disease used today
58
Eukaryotic cell structure
large cells 10-100 micrometers complex cytoplasmic membranes true nuclei (many chromosomes) membrane bound organelles unicellular or multicellular
59
Plastids
photosynthetic pigments in plant cells energy producing organelles photosynthesis chloroplasts light --> chemical energy
60
Nucleus
eukaryotic cells
61
Gram +-
pos - thick 20-80 nanometers single layered peptidoglycan neg - thin 8-11 nanometers double layered
62
Gram neg double layers
outer - lipid bilayer inner - peptidoglycan
63
Exotoxins
poisonous substances produced in the cell in bacteria released by living cells in extracellular space
64
Endotoxins
poisonous substances produced intracellularly incorporated into cell wall of bacteria released when bacteria dies and cell wall is dissolved
65
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
father of microbiology 1963 described 3 bacterial shapes
66
Photoautotroph
light + CO2
67
Chemoautotroph
Chemicals + CO2

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