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From Flashcardlet > Process of Infection > Flashcards

Process of Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

Species resistance

A

1st line of defense

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2
Q

Mechanical barrier

A

1st line of defense

skin/mucous membranes

physical barriers

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3
Q

Natural killer cell

A

2nd line of defense

small, special population of lymphocytes

nonspecific

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4
Q

Fever

A

2nd line of defense

sustained, elevated temp

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5
Q

Phagocytosis

A

most significant 2nd line of defense

ingestion and destruction

vital function in immunity

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6
Q

Inflammatory process

A

2nd line of non-specific defense

localize and remove infectious agents

prep injury site for repair

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7
Q

Inflammatory stages

A
  1. vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
  2. phagocyte migration
  3. tissue repair
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8
Q

Signs of inflammation

A

redness/rubor/erythema

swelling

heat

pain

loss of function

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9
Q

Chemical barriers

A

2nd line of defense

substances in body fluids that inhibit microbial growth

complement

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10
Q

Antigen

A

recognized by immune system as foreign or non-self

provokes an immune response

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11
Q

Immunogenicity/reactivity

A

ability to provoke an immune response

react specifically with antibodies or lymphocytes

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12
Q

IgG

A

most abundant

blood, lymph, interstitial mucosa

newborn protection crosses placenta

anti-Rh

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13
Q

Secondary immune response

A

fast, intense, recognized invader

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14
Q

Cell mediated (cellular immune response

A

CMI t-lymphocytes

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15
Q

Antibody mediated (humoral) immune response

A

b-lymphocytes

can be independent

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16
Q

Acquired immunity

A

memory

vaccination

protection as a result of immune response

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17
Q

Artificially acquired immunity

A

active

vaccine

develop immunity w/o disease

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18
Q

Passive artificially acquired immunity

A

short-lived

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19
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

allergies

antibody-antigen reaction

after 1st exposure

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20
Q

Type 1 anaphylactic

A

immediate

most common

minutes after re-exposure

hay fever, hives, asthma

systemic anaphylactic shock

drug/insect sting

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21
Q

Type 2 cytotoxic

A

IgG, IgM vs. blood/tissue cells

transfusion reaction

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22
Q

Innate (nonspecific) defenses

A

rapid, broad, general protection

same function no matter what invader

1st/2nd lines of defense

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23
Q

Adaptive (specific) defenses immunity

A

specific cells combat a particular pathogen

directed response is precise/targeted

memory of exposure

specific pathogen

3rd line

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24
Q

Memory/specificity (adaptive defense)

A

immune system remembers pathogens from prior exposure

identify pathogens as non-self

B/T lymphocytes

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25
3 routes to lymphatics
bloodsteam --> spleen interstitial fluid --> lymphatic capillaries and lymph nodes mucous membranes --> mucosa associated lymphoid tissue --> immune response
26
Antibody/immunoglobulin
Igs solid globular plasma protein B lymphocytes gamma globulin blood plasma in blood/body fluids or specific cells 5 types
27
IgM
3rd most common blood/lymph plasma cells anti-A, anti-B, of ABD
28
Antigen-antibody reaction
1. attack antigens directly, binding 2. activate complement after binding 3. IgE bound to mast cells, inflammation, vasodilation, edema
29
Immune response
long-lived antibodies memory 2nd response much faster
30
Complement (chemical)
normally inactive proteins that interact in a biochemical cascade to enhance immune, allergic, and inflammatory reactions stimulate inflammation attract phagocytes enhance phagocytosis
31
Active acquired immunity
cell-mediated/antibody mediated by exposure memory developed long-term protection
32
Passive acquired immunity
no primary immune response immediate, short protection immune system not sensitized to antigen
33
Type 3 (immune complex)
antigens/antibodies IgA/IgM and complement lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis
34
IgD
4th most common
35
IgE
least common allergies
36
Lag phase
time between antigen attack and immune response
37
Primary immune response
weak high #s of antibodies/cloned lymphocytes
38
Natural acquired immunity
active person gets sick develops immunity after primary immune response
39
Vaccine
herd immunity
40
Autoimmunity
doesn't attack ourself normally disorder - can't recognize self-antigens as self
41
Allergen
non-harmful substance hypersensitivity reaction - abnormal
42
Allergy
abnormal response inflammation, organ dysfunction, tissue dammage
43
Passive natural acquired immunity
offspring from mother IgG over placenta short-lived
44
Type 4 (cell-mediated)
delayed T cells 12-72 hrs after exposure contact dermatitis, transplants
45
IgA
2nd most abundant exocrine gland secretions localized protection in mucous membranes bacteria/viruses
46
Abscess
localized accumulation of pus resulting from the invasion of a pathogenic organism
47
Flora
microbial population in a specific environment
48
Supperation
forming pus
49
Antigen
marker located on the surface of cell membranes identify the cell as self or non-self autoantigen foreign antigen
50
Carrier
organism harboring a pathogenic organism no signs or symptoms
51
Disease
condition with subjective complaints specific history clinical signs symptoms tangible/measurable
52
Complete antigen/hapten
possesses both characteristics partial antigen - reactivity only must combine to have immunogenicity
53
Endogenous/exogenous
outside/within a cell, organism, or population
54
Fomite
inanimate object that transmits infectious organisms
55
Infection
disease caused by a microorganism
56
Vector
insect (arthropod) carrier that transmits causative organism of a disease from an infected person to a non infected person
57
Virulence
power and degree of pathogenicity of an organism
58
Antibody
immunoglobulin substance produced by B-lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen neutralize or destroy foreign antigen
59
Pus
yellow, proteinaceous fluid associated with bacterial infection WBC + cellular debris
60
Sepsis
systemic inflammatory response to an infection virulent pathogen + powerful host response
61
Reservoir
animate or inanimate object where an infectious agent lives or multiplies on depends on it for survival and reproduces for further transmission
62
Immunologic defense mechanisms (resistance/susceptibility)
ability to ward off disease via defense mechanisms vulnerability or a lack of resistance

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