Midterm Review

Question 1

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 1

Makes protein

Question 2

What is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions fairly constant?

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

Give an example of a prokaryote.

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

What does the work of scientists usually begin with?

Answer 4

Careful observations

Question 5

Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things?

Answer 5

Carbohydrate

Question 6

List the levels of biological organization from cell to biosphere.

Answer 6

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Question 7

What is the term for energy needed to get a reaction started?

Answer 7

Activation energy

Question 8

What is the term for information gathered from an experiment?

Answer 8

Data

Question 9

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 9

Helps a cell keep its shape

Question 10

Name 3 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

Answer 10

Water, light intensity and temperature

Question 11

Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?

Answer 11

Thylakoid membranes

Question 12

Describe the structures that make up the cell membrane.

Answer 12

Phospholipid bilayer with protein channels and pumps

Question 13

What is the term for an organism that can make its own food?

Answer 13

Autotroph

Question 14

What gas is given off by plants during photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Oxygen

Question 15

The purpose of cellular respiration is to release _____.

Answer 15

Energy

Question 16

Which types of cells have cell walls?

Answer 16

Plants, fungi, bacteria

Question 17

What type of fermentation takes place in muscle cells?

Answer 17

Lactic acid

Question 18

How is cell division different in plant and animal cells?

Answer 18

Plants cells form a cell plate

Question 19

What is meant by P, F1 and F2 in genetics?

Answer 19

Parents, children, grandchildren

Question 20

What are the results when you cross a purebred tall plant with a short plant?

Answer 20

All heterozygous tall (Tt) plants

Question 21

List the phases of the cell cycle and explain what happens in each.

Answer 21

Interphase–G1 (growth,) S (DNA replication,) G2 (preparation for mitosis) and M phase (cell division)

Question 22

In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 22

Chloroplast

Question 23

List the phases of mitosis in order.

Answer 23

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 24

What results when cells lose the ability to control their growth rate?

Answer 24

Cancer

Question 25

Which process produces gametes?

Answer 25

Meiosis

Question 26

Which molecule contains uracil and ribose?

Answer 26

RNA

Question 27

Where does transcription take place in a cell?

Answer 27

Nucleus

Question 28

What type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide?

Answer 28

Point mutation

Question 29

How many cells are produced by mitosis? meiosis?

Answer 29

Mitosis--2, Meiosis--4

Question 30

What is replication?

Answer 30

Process in which DNA is copied

Question 31

What is produced during transcription? translation?

Answer 31

Transcription--RNA molecules, translation--proteins

Question 32

What is polygenic inheritance?

Answer 32

Trait is controlled by more than one gene, Ex. human skin color

Question 33

What is the term for making changes to the DNA code of a living organism?

Answer 33

Genetic engineering

Question 34

What abnormalities can be observed in a karyotype?

Answer 34

Extra or missing chromosomes

Question 35

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 35

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

Question 36

Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called _____.

Answer 36

Sex-linked genes

Question 37

Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in _____ DNA base.

Answer 37

One

Question 38

How is Huntington's disease inherited?

Answer 38

Dominant gene

Question 39

What is the term for an educated guess or suggestion for why something happens?

Answer 39

Hypothesis Ex. If I study for the midterm, my grade will be higher.

Question 40

In order for a hypothesis to be useful, it must be _____.

Answer 40

Testable

Question 41

Which organelles are found in plant cells by not in animal cells?

Answer 41

Cell wall and chloroplast

Question 42

Which organelle converts food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

Answer 42

Mitochondrion

Question 43

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 43

Cell boundary, regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 44

Why do most plants appear green?

Answer 44

Chlorophyll reflects green light.

Question 45

List the 3 steps of cellular respiration in order.

Answer 45

Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, electron transport chain

Question 46

Which side of a chemical equation has the reactants? the products?

Answer 46

Reactants--left, products--right

Question 47

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

Answer 47

A phosphate group is removed

Question 48

What problems does a cell encounter as it grows larger?

Answer 48

Moving materials in and out of the cell, DNA overload

Question 49

How does the chromosome number of a parent cell compare to daughter cells produced by mitosis?

Answer 49

Identical

Question 50

The type of amino acid added to the protein depends on the _____ of the mRNA and the _____ of the tRNA.

Answer 50

Codon, anticodon