Unit 3 Review

Question 1

Number and type of cells formed by meiosis

Answer 1

4 different

Question 2

Number and type of cells formed by mitosis

Answer 2

2 identical

Question 3

Process where homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids

Answer 3

crossing over

Question 4

Ultimate source of genetic variability

Answer 4

mutation

Question 5

Component of DNA that provides the instructions for the production of a protein

Answer 5

sequence of nitrogen bases

Question 6

Sugar in DNA

Answer 6

deoxyribose

Question 7

Sugar in RNA

Answer 7

ribose

Question 8

Shape of DNA

Answer 8

double helix

Question 9

Bases in DNA

Answer 9

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 10

Bases in RNA

Answer 10

adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

Question 11

Location of DNA in eukaryotic cell

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

Why RNA is needed

Answer 12

DNA cannot leave the nucleus

Question 13

Produced during transcription

Answer 13

RNA molecules

Question 14

Produced during translation

Answer 14

protein

Question 15

Genes contain instructions for assembling these

Answer 15

proteins

Question 16

Body cell has 34 chromosomes so gamete has

Answer 16

17

Question 17

Haploid number is 10 so diploid is

Answer 17

20

Question 18

Egg has 15 chromosomes so sperm has

Answer 18

15

Question 19

Mutation where a single base is substituted

Answer 19

point mutation

One amino acid may be changed

Question 20

Mutation where a base is added or deleted

Answer 20

frameshift mutation

All amino acids after mutation are changed

Question 21

Number of bases changed in Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 21

1

Question 22

Sex chromosomes of a normal male

Answer 22

XY

Question 23

Sex chromosomes of a normal female

Answer 23

XX

Question 24

Everyone’s DNA is unique except for

Answer 24

identical twins

Question 25

Number of chromosomes in a human body cell

Answer 25

46

Question 26

Number of chromosomes in a human gamete

Answer 26

23

Question 27

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

Answer 27

nondisjunction | Results in extra or missing chromosomes

Question 28

Sex of a person who is XXY

Answer 28

male

Question 29

Type of inheritance for colorblindness

Answer 29

sex-linked

Question 30

Type of inheritance for sickle cell anemia

Answer 30

codominant

Question 31

Type of inheritance for PKU

Answer 31

recessive

Question 32

Type of inheritance for Tay-Sachs

Answer 32

recessive

Question 33

Type of inheritance for hemophilia

Answer 33

sex-linked

Question 34

Type of inheritance for Huntington's Disease

Answer 34

dominant

Question 35

Two identical alleles for a trait Ex. TT

Answer 35

homozygous

Question 36

Two different alleles for a trait Ex. Tt

Answer 36

heterozygous

Question 37

Another term for heterozygous

Answer 37

hybrid

Question 38

Another term for homozygous

Answer 38

purebred or true-breeding

Question 39

Process likely responsible for bringing together recessive alleles for a genetic defect

Answer 39

inbreeding

Question 40

Possible gametes for a parent who is BBAa

Answer 40

BA and Ba

Question 41

Situation in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene

Answer 41

incomplete dominance

Question 42

Both alleles are expressed equally

Answer 42

codominance

Question 43

Trait is controlled by more than one gene

Answer 43

polygenic

Question 44

A gene with more than two possible alleles

Answer 44

multiple alleles

Question 45

Red and furry are dominant. What is the genotype for white and heterozygous furry?

Answer 45

rrFf

Question 46

Use for gel electrophoresis

Answer 46

separating DNA fragments

Question 47

Benefit of being heterozygous for sickle cell

Answer 47

resistance to malaria

Question 48

In order for mutations to be passed down, they must affect the DNA of the parent's

Answer 48

gametes

Question 49

A person with the sex chromosomes XO is

Answer 49

female (with Turner's syndrome)

Question 50

A person with the sex chromosomes XXY is

Answer 50

male (with Klinefelter's syndrome)