Unit 2 Review Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

Three parts of a DNA nucleotide

A

nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate group

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2
Q

This happens to a cell’s DNA as the cell grows

A

overload

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3
Q

Two gene mutations that can cause a frameshift

A

deletion and insertion

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4
Q

The base pair rule in DNA

A

A matches with T, G matches with C

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5
Q

Phases of mitosis in order

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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6
Q

Three types of RNA

A

ribosomal, transfer, messenger

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7
Q

Phase when DNA replication occurs

A

S phase

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8
Q

Three parts of interphase and what happens in each

A

G1–cell growth, S–DNA synthesis, G2–preparation for mitosis

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9
Q

Three differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA cannot leave nucleus, RNA can
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

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10
Q

What happens in prophase

A

Nucleus disappears and chromatin coils into chromosomes

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11
Q

How the base pair rule changes when synthesizing RNA

A

thymine is replaced by uracil

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12
Q

The role of spindle in mitosis

A

helps separate the chromosomes

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13
Q

Cells stop dividing when they touch other cells

A

contact inhibition

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14
Q

Part of DNA that holds the genetic code

A

sequence of nitrogen bases

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15
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

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16
Q

Three phases of interphase in order

A

G1, S, G2

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17
Q

Process where DNA copies itself

A

replication

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18
Q

Division of the cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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19
Q

Division of the nucleus

A

mitosis

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20
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

centromeres split, chromosomes move to opposite poles

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21
Q

Two main stages of cell division

A

cytokinesis and mitosis

22
Q

DNA tells the cell how to make this

23
Q

What happens in telophase

A

chromosomes reach poles, nuclei reappear

24
Q

Phase when chromosomes are visible

25
Ultimate source of genetic variability
mutation
26
Effects of frameshift on protein
changes sequence of amino acids
27
Mutation when one nitrogen base is removed
deletion
28
Mutation when one nitrogen base is added
insertion
29
Mutation when one nitrogen base is replaced
substitution
30
Carries DNA code to the ribosome
messenger RNA
31
Makes up part of the ribosome
ribosomal RNA
32
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
transfer RNA
33
DNA part that separates in replication
nitrogen base pairs
34
Process where DNA is copied into mRNA
transcription
35
Process where cell uses mRNA to make protein
translation
36
Number of bases in a codon
three
37
Number of bases in an anticodon
three
38
Produced by transciption
(messenger) RNA molecules
39
Produced by translation
protein
40
Produced by replication
DNA molecules
41
Shape of tRNA
upside down "t" or clover
42
Replicate this DNA strand: ATGTAGC
TACATCG
43
Transcribe this DNA strand: GCATTAC
CGUAAUG
44
During interphase, DNA is called
chromatin
45
Sister chromatids are held together by this
centromere
46
Pairs with adenine in DNA
thymine
47
Pairs with adenine in RNA
uracil
48
Shape of DNA
double helix
49
Transcribe this DNA strand: TACGATA
AUGCUAU
50
UCGCAGA came from this DNA strand
AGCGTCT