Unit 4 Review

Question 1

The name of Darwin’s work

Answer 1

On the Origin of Species

Question 2

Lamarck’s theory of evolution

Answer 2

Organisms evolve based on the use and disuse of organs. They are able to pass acquired traits to their offspring.

Question 3

Structures with different functions but common origins

Answer 3

anatomical homology Ex. whale flipper and bat wing

Question 4

Structure that may have been used by an ancestor but no longer has a function

Answer 4

vestigial structure Ex. whale pelvis, human appendix

Question 5

When the average form of a trait has the highest fitness

Answer 5

stabilizing selection

Question 6

Consists of all the genes including all different alleles in a population

Answer 6

gene pool

Question 7

What determines if a new mutation becomes common or disappears?

Answer 7

whether or not the mutation increases the organism’s fitness in the environment

Question 8

The name of the super continent

Answer 8

Pangaea

Question 9

Kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular, mobile and heterotrophic

Answer 9

animalia

Question 10

What distinguishes a protist from a bacterium?

Answer 10

Protists have nuclei.

Question 11

Levels of classification from most general to most specific

Answer 11

(domain) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 12

Drastic changes create new species followed by little change

Answer 12

punctuated equilibrium

Question 13

When one end of the bell curve (one extreme) has the highest fitness

Answer 13

directional selection

Question 14

Causes random change in allele frequencies

Answer 14

genetic drift

Question 15

Populations are separated by time of breeding/pollination

Answer 15

temporal isolation

Question 16

Evolutionary innovations that separate groups in a cladogram

Answer 16

derived characters

Question 17

Species are created at a constant rate

Answer 17

gradualism

Question 18

Kingdom of eukaryotic, multicellular, nonmobile and autotrophic organisms

Answer 18

plantae

Question 19

Which taxon contains organisms that are the most closely related?

Answer 19

species

Question 20

Kingdom of prokaryotic unicellular organisms with peptodoglycan in their cell walls

Answer 20

eubacteria

Question 21

When both ends of the bell curve have high fitness

Answer 21

diversifying selection

Question 22

Another name for survival of the fittest

Answer 22

natural selection

Question 23

Populations are separated by different behaviors or mating rituals

Answer 23

behavioral isolation

Question 24

Requirement for the formation of a new species

Answer 24

reproductive isolation

Question 25

Natural selection works on \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

populations

Question 26

Populations are separated by physical barriers such as a mountain or river

Answer 26

geographic isolation

Question 27

Formation of a new species

Answer 27

speciation

Question 28

Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Answer 28

cladogram

Question 29

Kingdom of eukaryotic nonmobile heterotrophs

Answer 29

fungi

Question 30

Kingdom of prokaryotes that live in extreme environments

Answer 30

archaebacteria

Question 31

Kingdom that would contain a unicellular eukaryote

Answer 31

protista

Question 32

Which rock layer is on the top of a formation? Oldest or youngest?

Answer 32

youngest

Question 33

One species becomes many species

Answer 33

adaptive radiation Ex. Darwin's finches

Question 34

Classification of organisms

Answer 34

taxonomy

Question 35

Anatomical, molecular and developmental homologies all point to a \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 35

common ancestor

Question 36

What type of selection is demonstrated in this graph?

Answer 36

directional selection

Question 37

What type of selection is demonstrated in this graph?

Answer 37

stabilizing selection

Question 38

What type of selection is demonstrated in this graph?

Answer 38

diversifying selection

Question 39

Which two kingdoms contain only heterotrophs?

Answer 39

animalia and fungi

Question 40

Which two kingdoms have organisms that lack a nucleus?

Answer 40

eubacteria and archarbacteria