Unit 5A Review Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

growth in a new area; ex. on a newly formed volcanic island

A

primary succession

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2
Q

branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and the environment

A

ecology

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3
Q

all species in a given area; ex. all organisms in Flower Mound

A

community

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4
Q

process in which bacteria convert nitrogen into a form plants can use

A

nitrogen fixation

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5
Q

consists of all ecosystems of one type; ex. tropical rainforest

A

biome

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6
Q

term that means nonliving

A

abiotic

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7
Q

organism that eats consumers

A

carnivore

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8
Q

limiting factor whose effect is the same regardless of population size

A

density independent

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9
Q

examples of density independent limiting factors

A

earthquake, drought, severe frost, fire

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10
Q

symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, but the other is harmed

A

parasitism

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11
Q

the original source of energy in most ecosystems

A

sunlight

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12
Q

rapid increase in population numbers due to unlimited resources

A

exponential growth

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13
Q

symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

A

mutualism

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14
Q

term that means living

A

biotic

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15
Q

combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist

A

biosphere

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16
Q

organism that eats producers

A

herbivore

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17
Q

symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, and the other is unaffected

A

commensalism

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18
Q

limiting factor whose effect increases with population size

A

density dependent

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19
Q

examples of density dependent limiting factors

A

disease, parasitism, emigration, competition

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20
Q

“job” of an organism in the environment

A

niche

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21
Q

organism that eats both producers and consumers

22
Q

each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web

A

trophic level

23
Q

growth in an area has been disrupted and begins again; ex. on an abandoned field

A

secondary succession

24
Q

What happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level?

A

released as heat

25
How do prey population numbers affect predator population numbers?
They are dependent on one another. If prey numbers go up, predator numbers go up. If predator numbers go up, prey numbers go down.
26
leveling off of population numbers due to limited resources
logistic growth
27
an organism that can make its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
autotroph
28
the day to day conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area
weather
29
movement of organisms into a population/area
immigration
30
one species in a given area; ex. all squirrels in Flower Mound
population
31
an organism that obtains nutrients by breaking down dead organisms
decomposer; ex. fungi and bacteria
32
average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area
climate
33
What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
10%
34
an organism that cannot make it own food and must eat other organisms for food
heterotroph
35
What do the arrows in a food web or food chain indicate?
the direction of energy flow; prey--\>predator
36
Where is most energy and matter located in an ecological pyramid?
at the bottom
37
a pyramid that shows the amount of living tissue at each level
biomass pyramid
38
relationship in which one species captures and feeds on the other
predation
39
movement of organisms out of a population/area
emigration
40
pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each level
pyramid of numbers
41
What happens to a population that exceeds its carrying capacity?
population numbers drop due to lack of resources
42
relationship in which two species fight over the same resource
competition
43
pyramid that shows the amount of energy at each level
energy pyramid
44
Compare the movement of energy to the movement of nutrients in an ecosystem.
Energy moves in only one direction, but nutrients recycle.
45
Name 2 factors that would increase population numbers.
increasing birth rate and decreasing death rate
46
Name 2 factors that would decrease population numbers.
decreasing birth rate and increasing death rate
47
How does the amount of DDT change as it moves along a food chain?
increases at each level (biomagnification)
48
How does the amount of energy change as it moves along a food chain?
decreases at each level (only 10% is passed from level to level)
49
Identify the trophic levels of each organism in this food chain.
Leaf--producer, Caterpillar--primary consumer(herbivore,) Chameleon--secondary consumer, Snake--tertiary consumer, Mongoose--quaternary consumer
50
The grass has 100% energy. Following the 10% rule, what energy percentages will the remaining organisms have?
Grass--100%, Grasshopper--10%, Mouse--1%, Owl--0.1% Each organism gets 10% of the energy from the previous organism.