Migration - EQ4 - 1.13 Disunity within Nations Flashcards
Why do people in Catalonia want independence STATISTICALLY
- 16.6% of Spain’s population live in Catlonia
- But being Spain’s wealthiest region, it produces 25% of Spain’s exports & 19% of Spain’s GDP
Why do people feel they want independence in Catalonia
- many Catalans feel they contribute more than their fair share to the nation & they subsitute poorer Spanish regions
What recently happened in Catlonia
- Large pro-independence demonstrations held which culminated in an independence referendum being held in October 2017.
- The referendum attracted a 43% turnout, with 90% of the votes returning ‘yes’. This was enough for Catalan President Carles Puigdemont to declare independence from Spain.
- The Spanish government in Madrid declared it illegal and Madrid imposed direct rule on the region shortly afterwards.
How did the government react to people seeking referdenum in Catalonia
*
government was dissolved in 2017 after illegal referendum & powers were taken back to Madrid
* sent police to prevent people voting in unofficial referendum –> 20% voter turnout
how were government members in support of independence treated
- those who actively supported this were threatened with prosecution& imprisonment –> eliminating freedoms of speech
what percentage sought independence
- from the 20% voter turnout, 85% voted to leave
hwo could disunity worsen in Catlonia due to the governments harsh actions
- PUBLIC ANTIPATHY –> Catalans may feel so aggrieved about how Catalonia was treated by the Spanish government in 2017 that they elect representatives who advocate independence and may demand a referendum on independence.
In what way could the governments actions be a good thing for Catalonia
- Alternatively, the government’s actions may have suppressed activists and Catalonia will remain a fully integrated region of Spain.
- This benefits those most vulnerably economically as they wil continue to be supported by welfare benfits which Catalonia’s population signficantly contribute sto
The term nationalism is used to describe….
pride and promotion of sovereign and non-sovereign regions which leads to more confusion
What is the background to Scottish nationalism
- The Scots have always resented the way their nation is controlled by English politicians sitting Westminster
- Ancient conflicts with the English stir up strong feelings on nationalism, yet in 2014, the Scottish people chose to remain part of the UK - but only just
for rising disunity whhat are the 2 casestudies on nationalism
- catlonia
- socttish independence
In Scotland what is their nationalism contested about
- some would like to retain membership of the EU but be independent
What was the consequence of the Scottish Referendum
- 2014
- independence was rejected
- turnout as 85%
Who campaigned for both sides in Scotland
Conservative government together with labour opposiion canpaigned for no vote,
when the referendum lost, the SNP decided not to hold another referendum
what could brexit do for scotland in the future
- Brexit may be the catalyst for a Scottish independence as support for the EU is strong with over 60% of Scotland voting to ‘remain’ in the EU
How much does Scotland contribute to the UK’s GDP
- 7.7%
What would be the benefits of independence for Scotland
- could vote for nuclear disarmamanet – trident scheme money could be reinvested into public srevices
- greater advocacy & involevment in global decision making by retaining membership of EU NATO & EU
What are the political difficulties of independence for Scotland
- would be very bureauratic and longwinded for Scotland to rejoin EU as an indepednnet country & it would comparably have limited influence
What are the economic difficulties of independence for Scotland
- revenue from oil & gas is unpredictable & Scotland could not support their economy sufficinetly through this in the future, as there are no other industries as important as this
- 11.8% of total Scottish GDP
what does the voter turnout show for scottish independece
85% shows youth engagement in politics
what is the cause of rising tensions in emerging BRIC nations
- the uneven pattern of the costs and benefits of globalisation
- In some instances, these uneven, internal regional or ethnic divisions threaten to dis-unify nation-states by building upon cultural & historic nationalistic roots
What is South Africa disunity caused by
- globalisation & inequality
What historically led to disunity in South AFrica
- legacy of Apartheid led to deeper ethnic divisions & income inequalities (high gini coefiicient - 0.63)
Display how in 2016 South Africa disunity came toa foorefrot due to globalisation
- In 2016, the main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), and the populist Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), both won parliamentary seats from the ruling African National Congress (ANC) in elections
- Cities with a young educated population, and black townships, were losing faith of the vote in the ANC
- after protests over poor services, such as water, electricity and education, despite high economic growth
