Flashcards in Mini test 2 study guide part 1 Deck (54)
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1
Describe the structure of a fungus.
A fungus is composed of hyphae (tubular filaments). Hyphae are intertwined to form a mycelium. The mycelium extends below and above ground. They grow extremely fast to reduce competition.
2
What are hyphae?
tubular filaments
3
Hyphae are intertwined to form a __________.
mycelium
4
How are fungi similar to animals?
Fungi are heterotrophic by absorption using exoenzymes and animals are heterotrophic by ingestion. Fungi cell walls are composed of Chitin which is the same substance found in the exoskeletons of Arthropods as opposed to plant cell walls which are made of cellulose.
5
Fungi are heterotrophic by _________ using exoenzymes and animals are heterotrophic by ________
absorption, ingestion
6
Describe the relationships that some plants and fungi have.
Most fungi have a symbiotic relationship with plant roots which is referred to as mycorrhizae. The fungi help to increase the surface area for water uptake by the roots. The plant provides sugars for food.
7
fungus enters into the root cells of the plant.
Endomycorrhizae
8
fungus covers the surface of the roots of the plant.
Ectomycorrhizae
9
Why do fungi grow rapidly?
They grow quickly to reduce competition. They just need moisture to grow.
10
Describe how fungus decomposes and ingests.
Fungi decompose by absorption using exoenzymes.
11
sexual structure is the Chytrids. They produce flagellated spores called zoospores.
Chytridomycota
12
sexual structure is the Zygosporangium. Examples: Mycorrhizae, Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold), Penicillium (green bread mold)
Zygomycota
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most are enzymes called arbuscular (a tree shaped connection with plant cells.)
Glomeromycetes
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sexual structure is the ascus (means “sac”). Ascus are found on the large ascocarp mycelium. Spores are small and dust-like structures called Conidia. Examples: Lichens, plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, and yeast.
Ascomycota
15
sexual structure is the Basidium (means “club”). Basidium are found on the large Basidium mycelium. They are important decomposers. Examples: Mycorrhizae, food mushrooms, Fairy Rings, Death Cap, Toad Stool, and Puff balls
Basidiomycota
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imperfect fungi because they have no know means of sexual reproduction.
Deuteromycota
17
imperfect fungi because they have no know means of sexual reproduction.
Deuteromycota
18
means a fungal infection
Mycosis
19
What is the treatment for a fungal infection called?
fungicide
20
Describe the importance of fungi.
They are important decomposers. They return vital nutrients back to the environment. Some are used as medicines and food.
21
wheat rust, corn smut, Dutch Elm Disease, and Chestnut Blight are examples of what?
fungus plant pathogens
22
ring worm, athletes foot, jock itch, yeast infections, and dandruff are examples of what?
fungus human pathogens
23
What are the four major groups of plants?
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
24
mosses, non-vascular, tend to be small and fairly simple
Bryophytes
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Vascular, non-seed plants
Pteridophytes
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Vascular, naked seed plants
Gymnosperms
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Vascular, flowering plants
Angiosperms
28
What adaptations are seen among plants to help them survive on land? Describe how they help.
Waxy cuticle (covering) on the surface of the leaves to avoid dehydration.
They have vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients.
They have protective seeds that help the survival of the embryonic plant during harsh dry times and it increases dispersal so seeds can be moved into new territory away from competition.
Flowers and fruit develop. They help moving to new areas or reproducing by using animals.
29
What are some traits that plants have that can help show common ancestry?
Basic structure of roots below ground and shoots above ground.
Apical meristematic tissue at the tips of the root and shoots.
Produce a waxy cuticle on herbaceous parts (leaves).
Stomata on the leaves for gas exchange during photosynthesis.
Vascular tissue (not in Bryophytes) - Xylem and Phloem
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