Flashcards in Review Questions Deck (38):
1
Name 2 phyla of gymnosperms.
Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta and Coniferophyta
2
Describe and name the four fruit types
simple – possess one ovary, aggregate – one flower several seeds, multiple – several flowers fused together to make one fruit, dry – grains and nuts
3
Name three adaptations gymnosperms have developed for living in drier and cooler environments
reduced gametophyte generation, reduced size of leaves, thick/waxy cuticle, thick bark and cones for reproduction
4
Of the six major phyla of fungi, which phylum produces small, dust-like spores called conidia?
Ascomycota
5
Fungi have cell walls composed of _________.
chitin
6
Fungi excrete _________ onto dead material in order to begin ingestion
exoenzymes
7
True or False. Gametophytes are the dominant generation and sporophytes remain a single cell in angiosperms
False
8
Certain Lycophytes are air plants. What are these air plants called?
epiphytes
9
Fossil fuels are an important area of our economy and affect how the majority of our economics waver. These fossil fuels were once what made up the “first real forests”. What phylum are these sources from?
Lycophyta
10
What does it mean that seeds are naked?
the seeds are not enclosed and protected in fruits
11
Name the three phylum of Bryophytes.
Bryophyta, Hepatophyta (Liverworts) and Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
12
How do Bryophyte’s sexual and asexual reproduction differ?
asexual reproduction doesn’t require water to be present
13
Common Pteridophytes are ferns. They have an underground stem called a rhizome and underdeveloped leaves called fiddleheads. These fiddleheads mature late into _________.
fronds
14
What are the three types of seed dispersal when it comes to angiosperms?
kites, burrs and edible
15
What is the name of the green, protective leaves of a plant and are they reproductive in nature?
sepals – no they are not reproductive, they help form the protective bud
16
True or False. A larger Bryophyte produces larger seeds.
False…Bryophytes are all small and don’t produce seeds
17
Why is the gametophyte generation dominant in Bryophytes?
because of the presence and availability of water in the environment
18
What are the megaphylls on ferns called and what do they develop from?
fronds develop from fiddleheads
19
What are the megaphylls on ferns called and what do they develop from?
fronds develop from fiddleheads
20
How many phyla do gymnosperms consist of?
4
21
__________ is a fungus that covers the root surface of a plant and increases the surface area for water uptake by the plants.
ectomycorrhizae
22
What type of Pteridophytes formed the first real forests?
Lycophytes
23
Name ONE of the four phyla of the Gymnosperms.
Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, Cycadophyta or Coniferophyta
24
In Bryophytes, why can the plant only be a couple of cells wide/thick?
because there is no vascular tissue present and they rely on diffusion and osmosis for water and nutrient transport
25
What differentiates a male and female coniferophyta?
Male long, narrow and yellow cones; female large, wide and green cones when unfertilized and brown when fertilized.
26
Which one of these is not one of the Bryophyte phyla?
Lychophyta, Bryophyta, Anthocerophyta or Hepatophyta
Lychophyta
27
How many different phyla of Pteridophytes exist? What are they?
2, Lycophytes and Pterophytes
28
How many flower parts do monocots have?
monocots have flower parts that occur in multiples of threes
29
What are the components of the site of the female sporophyll of an angiosperm?
stigma, style and ovary
30
What is the common name of Hepatophyta?
Liverworts
31
What are three adaptations for drier and cooler environments of gymnosperms?
reduced gametophyte generation, reduced size of leaves, waxy cuticle, evergreens, bark and cones
32
Why do some plants have seedless fruit?
hormonal trickery
33
What traits do hornworts share with algae ancestors?
a single, large chloroplast
34
What is the difference between green fruits and colored fruits?
green fruits are not ripe, are hard, unscented and often sour
35
True of False. Fungi are mostly autotrophs.
False, they are mostly heterotrophs, but in appearance do look like plants
36
The first vascular plants (pteridophytes) moved farther inland to avoid competition with bryophytes. What two carbohydrates did these plats start producing that allowed them to live in a drier environment?
Lignin and Pectin
37
What are Ephedra and Welwitschia?
extreme desert plants; ephedra becomes tumbleweeds when they die and Welwitschia have the largest leaves of all plants.
38