Misc Cardiac Disease

Question 1

Which dog breed gets mitral valve endocardiosis/DMVD at a younger age?

Answer 1

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Question 2

What are clinical signs of DMVD?

Answer 2

CHF signs

Question 3

If a patient presents with a loud L apical murmur/history of DMVD and is in acute respiratory distress, what is the problem

Answer 3

Ruptured chord = acute decompensation

Question 4

What breeds are most commonly affected with mitral valve endocardiosis/DMVD?

Answer 4

Small breed, older

Question 5

Which breeds are most predisposed to DCM?

Answer 5

Large breed - esp Dobermans, GD, GSD

Question 6

How might a DCM dog present to the clinic?

Answer 6

Syncopal d/t arrhythmias or w/CHF

Question 7

How do you treat a hypotensive DCM dog (cardiogenic shock)?

Answer 7

Dobutamine (beta agonist)

Question 8

What is the most common acquired heart disease seen in dogs?

Answer 8

Mitral valve endocardiosis/degeneration

Question 9

What is the most common cardiac disease seen in cats?

Answer 9

HCM

Question 10

How do you treat HCM?

Answer 10

Atenolol (beta-blocker) if asymptomatic

Furosemide and enalapril once in failure

Question 11

Which cats are most commonly affected by HCM?

Answer 11

Maine coon, ragdoll, sphynx, DSH

Question 12

What feline heart disease is genetic?

Answer 12

HCM

Question 13

What is RCM?

Answer 13

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 14

What causes DCM in cats?

Answer 14

Taurine deficiency

Question 15

Ventricular endocardium is fibrotic and thickened and produces a restrictive filling pattern

Answer 15

RCM

Question 16

What other lesions might be present in a cat with DCM/taurine deficiency?

Answer 16

Retinal lesions

Question 17

Small hyperreflective footballs next to the optic disk indicate what problem in cats?

Answer 17

Taurine deficiency

Question 18

Acute hindlimb paresis and high liver values indicates what disease in cats?

Answer 18

Thromboembolism

Question 19

How do you treat a thromboembolism in a cat?

Answer 19

Heparin and pain meds

Question 20

What medication should be given with any heart disease in cats?

Answer 20

Clopidogrel

Question 21

What is a saddle thrombus?

Answer 21

Thromboembolism that settles at the bifurcation of the aorta

Question 22

What endocrine disorder of the cat causes murmur, arrhythmias, PU/PD, and weight loss?

Answer 22

Hyperthyroidism

Question 23

Feline hypertension is often caused by what diseases?

Answer 23

Renal disease or hyperthyroidism

Question 24

Cats with hypertension have what heart chagnes?

Answer 24

Thickened LV

Question 25

How do you treat feline hypertension d/t renal disease?

Answer 25

Amlodipine (Ca channel blocker

Question 26

What are clinical signs of a cat with CHF?

Answer 26

Bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia

Question 27

Which valves are most commonly affected by endocarditis in small animals?

Answer 27

Mitral and aortic

Question 28

Which valve is most commonly affected by endocarditis in large animals?

Answer 28

Tricuspid

Question 29

How do you treat canine hypertension?

Answer 29

Elanapril (ACE-inhibitor), amlodipine

Question 30

How do you treat a canine hypertensive crisis?

Answer 30

Sodium nitroprusside

Question 31

What is a side effect of sodium nitroprusside?

Answer 31

Cyanide toxicity w/in 48h

Question 32

What are the target organs most damaged by hypertension in a dog?

Answer 32

Heart, eye, brain, kidney

Question 33

What causes canine hypertension?

Answer 33

Renal disease, Cushing's, pheochromocytoma

Question 34

What heart disease is most common in ferrets?

Answer 34

HCM (DCM rarely)

Question 35

What heart tumor occurs in brachycephalic breeds?

Answer 35

Chemodectoma

Question 36

What is a chemodectoma?

Answer 36

Tumor of aortic body

Question 37

Which part of the heart of a cow is most commonly affected by lymphoma?

Answer 37

R atrium

Question 38

What does the test for HWD test for?

Answer 38

Antigen from female worm

Question 39

What are clinical signs of HWD in cats?

Answer 39

Vomit and cough, sudden resp distress

Question 40

What is the treatment of choice for HWD?

Answer 40

Melarsomine (immiticide)

Question 41

How do you treat a pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 41

Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 42

What is the most common congenital defect in a dog?

Answer 42

PDA

Question 43

How do you treat a subaortic stenosis in a dog?

Answer 43

Beta blockers

Question 44

What does subaortic stenosis put dogs at risk for later in life?

Answer 44

Endocarditis

Question 45

What are the components of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 45

PS, VSD, overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy

Question 46

What results from tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 46

Venous blood (low O2) shunting to systemic circulation

Question 47

What is a common cause of poor performance in racehorses?

Answer 47

A-fib

Question 48

An older horses w/musical diastolic murmur has what heart defect?

Answer 48

Aortic regurgitation

Question 49

What is the most commonly seen heart disease of cattle?

Answer 49

TRP

Question 50

What causes high-altitude disease/brisket edema?

Answer 50

Pulmonary hypertension 2* vasoconstriction 2* to low PaO2 @ altitude

Question 51

What is the most common congenital heart defect of calves?

Answer 51

VSD

Question 52

Which valve is most commonly affected by endocarditis in cattle?

Answer 52

Tricuspid

Question 53

Which region of a cow heart is most often affected by lymphoma

Answer 53

R atrium