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Nursing Concepts > Mobility/Activity > Flashcards

Mobility/Activity Flashcards

1
Q

normal state of balances muscle tension

A

Muscle Tone

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2
Q

midpoint or center of the weight of a body

A

Center of Gravity

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3
Q

means maintaining optimal body position

A

Posture

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4
Q

the effect of rubbing or resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves

A

Friction

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5
Q

articulation or connection between bones

A

Joint

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6
Q

movement by certain joints that increases the angle between two adjoining bones

A

Extension

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7
Q

the awareness of the position of the body and its parts…dependent on impulses from the inner ear and receptors in joints & ligaments

A

Proprioception

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8
Q

coordinated efforts of the muscoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment

A

Body Mechanics

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9
Q

range of movement of a joint, from maximum extension to maximum flexion, as measured in degrees of a circle

A

Range of Motion (ROM)

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10
Q

type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform without undue exertion of injury

A

Activity Tolerance

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11
Q

position in which a patient rests on the back with a flat pillow supporting the head, neck & upper shoulders

A

Supine Position

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12
Q

rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs

A

Trochanter Rolls

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13
Q

soft, foot-shaped devices designed to reduce the risk of footdrop by maintaining the foot in dorsiflexion

A

Foot Boots

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14
Q

an abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg & foot, characterized by an inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot

A

Footdrop

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15
Q

flexion toward the back

A

Dorsiflexion

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16
Q

toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle

A

Plantar Flexion

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17
Q

position of maximal extension of a joint

A

Hyperextension

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18
Q

position in which the patient is semi-prone on the right or left side with the opposite arm, thigh & knee flexed & resting on the bed

A

Sims’ Position

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19
Q

position in which the patient’s head of the bed is at a 30-45 degree angle

A

Semi-Fowler’s Position

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20
Q

position in which the patient’s head of the bed is at a 60 to 90 degree angle

A

Fowler’s or High-Fowler’s Position

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21
Q

a drop in BP of 20 mm Hg or more systolic or 10 mm Hg diastolic when rising from a sitting to standing position

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

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22
Q

ROM exercises in which the patient is able to move his/her own joints

A

Active Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises

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23
Q

ROM exercises in which you (healthcare professional) moves the patient’s joints for them

A

Passive Range-of-Motion (PROM) Exercises

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24
Q

manner or style of walking including rythm, cadence & speed

A

Gait

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25
Q

lateral movement of a limb or digit away from the median plane of the body

A

Abduction

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26
Q

lateral movement of a limb or digit toward the median plane of the body

A

Adduction

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27
Q

activities of daily living

A

ADL’s

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28
Q

taking place in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic

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29
Q

exercise during which oxygen is metabolized to produce energy…required fro sustained periods of physical exertion & vigorous athletic activity

A

Aerobic Exercise

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30
Q

the act of arranging in a straight line

A

Alignment

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31
Q

to walk or move about freely

A

Ambulation

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32
Q

the building up of body tissues

A

Anabolism

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33
Q

high-intensity exercise, such as sprinting or weight lifting, that places more demand on muscles than oxygen delivery can match

A

Anaerobic Exercise

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34
Q

loss of appetite

A

Anorexia

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35
Q

a decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting

A

Atrophy

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36
Q

the energy needs of a person at rest after awakening

A

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

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37
Q

a device for propping up patients in bed…the confining of a patient to bed for rest

A

Bedrest

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38
Q

movement around an axis such that the proximal end of a limb is fixed and the distal end traces a circle

A

Circumduction

39
Q

fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

A

Contracture

40
Q

a clicking or crackling sound often heard in movement of joints, such as temporomandibular, elbowor patellofemoral joints, due to roughness & irregularities in articulating surfaces

A

Crepitation

41
Q

a state in which an individual is at risk for deterioration of body systems as the result of prescribed or unavoidable muscoskeletal inactivity

A

Disuse Syndrome

42
Q

lying on the back with the face upward; supine

A

Dorsal Position

43
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

DVT

44
Q

sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris

A

Embolism

45
Q

turning outward

A

Eversion

46
Q

contraction & relaxation of a skeletal muscle or group of muscles in which the force generated by the muscle is equal to the resistance

A

Isometric Exercise

47
Q

an active muscle contraction in which the force exerted remains constant & muscle length changes

A

Isotonic Exercise

48
Q

relaxed, flabby or having defective or absent muscle tone

A

Flaccid

49
Q

the act of bending or condition of being bent in contract to extension…decrease in the angle between the bones forming a joint

A

Flexion

50
Q

an increase in the size of an organ, structure or the body due to growth rather than tumor formation

A

Hypertrophy

51
Q

turning inside out or upside down…bending the foot in at the ankle so that the sole is facing toward the inside of the leg

A

Inversion

52
Q

muscle contraction without associated joint movement

A

Isometric

53
Q

lying on the side of the body

A

Lateral Position

54
Q

loss of bone mass throughout the skeleton, predisposing patients to fractures

A

Osteoporosis

55
Q

partial or incomplete paralysis

A

Paresis

56
Q

the act of lying prone or face downward…the act of turning the hand so that the palm faces downward or backward

A

Pronation

57
Q

position in which the patient is horizontal with the face downward

A

Prone Position

58
Q

exercise in which a muscle contraction is opposed by force to increase strength or endurance

A

Resistance Exercise

59
Q

process of turning on an axis

A

Rotation

60
Q

the turning of the palm or the hand anteriorly or the foot inward and upward…the act of lying flat upon the back

A

Supination

61
Q

inflammation of a vein in conjuction with the formation of a thrombus (usually occurs in extremities, most commonly the leg)

A

Thrombophlebitis

62
Q

a blood clot that adheres to the wall of a blood vessel or organ possibly preventing the flow of blood

A

Thrombus

63
Q

position in which the entire bed is tilted with head of bed down…used for postural drainage; facilitates venous return in patients with poor peripheral venous perfusion

A

Trendelenburg’s Position

64
Q

intermittent or complete absence of ability to control loss of urine from the bladder

A

Urinary Incontinence

65
Q

a return or backward flow of urine

A

Urinary Reflux

66
Q

the persistent keeping within the body of urine

A

Urinary Retention

67
Q

stoppage of the normal flow of urine

A

Urinary Stasis

68
Q

attempt to forcibly exhale with the glottis, nose & mouth closed

A

Valsalva Maneuver

69
Q

on a body, the foundation over which you balance a center of gravity

A

Base of Support

70
Q

a lateral side lying position with all but one pillow used for assessment to provide baseline data concerning a patient’s body alignment

A

Recumbent Position

71
Q

a technique used when preparing a patient for ambulation in which he/she sits on the side of the bed with the legs dangling off the side for 1 to 2 minutes before standing…helps to prevent postural hypotension

A

Dangling

72
Q

turning outwardly or away from the midline of the body

A

External Rotation

73
Q

turning inwardly or toward the midline of the body

A

Internal Rotation

74
Q

occurs when the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen ingested

A

Negative Nitrogen Balance

75
Q

a body position that enables the position to breathe comfortably

A

Orthopneic Position

76
Q

kidney stones

A

Renal Calculi

77
Q

moderate to forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing the mouth & pinching the nose while pressing out as if trying to blow up a balloon

A

Valsalva Maneuver

78
Q

Five Functions of Bones (Skeletal System) in Regulation of Movement

A

(1) support (2) protection (3) movement (4) mineral storage (5) hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

79
Q

Function of Skeletal Muscle in Regulation of Movement

A

(1) facilitate movement (2) determine body form & contour

80
Q

Function of the Nervous System in Regulation of Movement

A

regulate movement & posture

81
Q

Pathological Influences on Body Alignment, Exercise & Activity

A

congenital defects, disorders of bones/joints/muscles, CNS damage, musculoskeletal trauma

82
Q

Assessment of Body Alignment in Standing Position

A

(1) head is erect (2) body parts symmetrical (3) spine is straight (4) abdomen tucked in (5) knees, hips & ankles in straight line (6) feet flat on floor & pointed forward

83
Q

Assessment of Body Alignment in Sitting Position

A

(1) head is erect (2) neck & vertebral column in straight line (3) weight distributed on buttocks & thighs (4) thighs are parallel & in horizontal plane (5) feet supported on floor (6) forearms supported

84
Q

Assessment of Body Alignment in Recumbent Position

A

vertebrae are in straight line

85
Q

Nursing Diagnoses for Patients Experiencing Problems with Exercise/Activity

A

activity intolerance, risk for activity intolerance, disturbed body image, fatigue, risk for injury, impaired physical mobility, acute pain, chronic pain, impaired skin integrity, risk for impaired skin integrity, sedentary lifestyle, risk for disuse syndrome

86
Q

Nursing Diagnoses for Prolonged Immobility

A

ineffective airway clearance, risk for infection, risk for injury, risk for disturbed sleep pattern, risk for situational low self-esteem, ineffective individual coping

87
Q

Wandering Wilma’s Always Late

A

Walker With Affected Leg

88
Q

C.O.A.L.

A

Cane Opposite Affected Leg

89
Q

“Good goes to heaven, Bad goes to hell”

A

Good leg goes upstairs first, Bad leg goes downstairs first

90
Q

Guidelines for Initiating an Exercise Program

A

(1) Assess fitness level (2) Design the program (3) Assemble equipment (4) Get started (5) Monitor progress

91
Q

crutch gait that gives stability but requires weight bearing on both legs…each leg is moved alternately with each opposing crutch so that 3 points of support are on the floor at all times

A

Four-Point Crutch Gait

92
Q

crutch gait that requires the patient to bear all weight on one foot…patient puts weight on both crutches then on unaffected leg then repeats

A

Three-Point Crutch Gait

93
Q

crutch gait that requires at least partial weight bearing on both feet…patient moves the crutch at the same time as the opposite leg so the movements are similar to normal walking

A

Two-Point Crutch Gait

Nursing Concepts (16 decks)

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