Module 2: Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

what is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals?

Answer 1

mind

Question 2

what is the study of mental processes which includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates?

Answer 2

cognitive psychology

Question 3

what are the 4 early works in cognitive psychology?

Answer 3

donder’s pioneering experiment
wundt’s psychology laboratory
ebbinghaus’s memory experiment
william james’s principle of psychology

Question 4

who created the reaction time experiment?

Answer 4

Donder

Question 5

how did donder’s measured decision makingg?

Answer 5

through reaction time

Question 6

what are the 2 types of reaction time?

Answer 6

simple and choice reaction time

Question 7

what are the 3 steps that summarizes Donder’s reaction time?

Answer 7

stimulus > mental response > behavioral response

Question 8

according to Donders, how many second does a decision making takes?

Answer 8

one-tenth of a second

Question 9

what is the FIRST COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY experiment that signifies studying the mind?

Answer 9

donder’s ecperiment (reaction time)

Question 10

what is the formula for reaction time according to donder’s experiment?

Answer 10

choice - simple = time ti make a decision

Question 11

what is donders measuring when he measured the reaction time?

Answer 11

the relationship between the presentation of the stimulus and the participant’s response

Question 12

when did donders experiment took place?

Answer 12

1868

Question 13

who founded the 1ST LABORATORY OF SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY?

Answer 13

wilhelm wundt

Question 14

when and where did wundt founded the 1st scientific psychology laboratory?

Answer 14

1879; University of Leipzig

Question 15

what was wundt’s approach?

Answer 15

structuralism

Question 16

this pertains to the overall experienced being determined by combining the basic elements of experience

Answer 16

structuralism

Question 17

what is the combination of the basic elements of experience

Answer 17

sensations

Question 18

what is the technique which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli?

Answer 18

analytic introspection

Question 19

who is the german psychologists who was interested in determining the nature of memory and forgetting?

Answer 19

hermann ebbinghaus

Question 20

what method did ebbinghaus used to determine how rapid does the information is lost over time?

Answer 20

quantitative

Question 21

who is the participant of ebbinghaus’s experiment?

Answer 21

him (ebbinghaus)

Question 22

what is the methodology of ebbinghaus’s experiment?

Answer 22

repeated 13 lists of nonsense syllables to himself one at a time at a constant rate

Question 23

what is the reason behind the nonsense syllables?

Answer 23

so that his memory would not be influenced by the meaning of a particular word

Question 24

what is the objective of ebbinghaus’s experiment

Answer 24

to determine the number of repetitions necessary to repeat list without errors

Question 25

what is the measure used to determine how much was forgotten after a particular delay?

Answer 25

savings

Question 26

_____ break intervals = ____ repetitions necessary to relearn list

Answer 26

short, fewer

Question 27

what is the formula for savings (ebbinghaus's experiment)?

Answer 27

orig time to learn - time to relearn after delay

Question 28

The ______ in savings (remembering) with _______ delays indicates that forgetting occurs rapidly over the first ____ days and then occurs more ____ after that.

Answer 28

decrease, increasing, 2, slowly

Question 29

when was ebbinghaus experiment established?

Answer 29

1885

Question 30

who taught harvard's first psychology course?

Answer 30

william james

Question 31

when did the principles of psychology, a compilation of observations about the mind, released?

Answer 31

1890

Question 32

how is the book principles of psychology made?

Answer 32

william james had observations based on the function of his own mind and not experiments

Question 33

what works abandoned the study of the mind?

Answer 33

watson's behaviorism, skinner's operant conditioning, setting the mind for reemergence of the mind in psychology

Question 34

what approach eliminate the mind and study directly observable behavior?

Answer 34

behaviorism

Question 35

what is watson's and ralie rayner (1920) experimented on?

Answer 35

Little Albert

Question 36

pairing of one stimulus with another that causes change in the response to the neutral stimulus

Answer 36

classical conditioning

Question 37

who provided another tool for studying the relationship between stimulus and response in 1931 when he received his PhD from harvard?

Answer 37

B.F. Skinner

Question 38

what approach focused on how behavior is strengthened by the representation of positive reinforcers?

Answer 38

operant conditioning

Question 39

when was watson's behaviorism took place?

Answer 39

1913

Question 40

when was operant conditioning took place?

Answer 40

1938

Question 41

who called himself a behaviorist but was considered one of the early cognitive psychology because he used behavior to infer mental processes?

Answer 41

tolman

Question 42

in 1938, tolman experimented on ?

Answer 42

rats placed in a 4-armed maze

Question 43

what is tolman's experiment ?

Answer 43

cognitive map

Question 44

what is the controversy over language acquisition?

Answer 44

skinner (1957) verbal behavior vs chomsky (1959)

Question 45

how did chomsky (1959) rebut skinner's verbal behavior?

Answer 45

children do not only learn language thru imitation and reinforcement;

Question 46

according to chomsky (1959), language must be determined by _____?

Answer 46

inborn biological program

Question 47

what is the way to study the mind based on insights associated with the digital computer?

Answer 47

information-processing approach?

Question 48

what theory was built on James' idea of attention?

Answer 48

cherry (1953)

Question 49

what is Cherry's (1953) theory all about?

Answer 49

Subjects could understand details of message A despite also hearing message B

Question 50

who developed flow diagram to show what occurs as a person directs attention to one stimulus?

Answer 50

broadbent (1958)

Question 51

making machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving

Answer 51

artificial intelligence

Question 52

who developed a 3-stage model of memory?

Answer 52

arkinson and shiffrin (1968)

Question 53

what are the three stages of memory model?

Answer 53

sensory memory short-term memory long-term memory

Question 54

less than 1 second

Answer 54

sensory memory

Question 55

few seconds, limited capacity

Answer 55

short-term memory

Question 56

long duration, high capacity

Answer 56

long-term memory

Question 57

what scientific study studies the behavior of people with brain damage?

Answer 57

neuropsychology

Question 58

what scientific study studies the electrical responses of the nervous system including brain neurons?

Answer 58

electrophysiology