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ergo 2 > Module 5.2: Auditory Displays > Flashcards

Module 5.2: Auditory Displays Flashcards

1
Q

where is sound created?

A

vibrations from some source

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2
Q

the ______ of a physical sound is associated with the human sensation of ____

A

frequency, pitch

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3
Q

sound intensity is associated with the human sensation of ___?

A

loudness

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4
Q

frequency is expressed in?

A

hertz (Hz)

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5
Q

Hz is equivalent to?

A

cycles per second

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6
Q

what is the frequency of middle C in a piano keyboard?

A

256 Hz

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7
Q

the human ear is sensitive to frequencies between ?

A

20 to 20,000 Hz

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8
Q

how many Hz can an infant hear?

A

16 Hz to 20 KHz

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9
Q

how many Hz can older people RARELY hear?

A

above 12 KHz

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10
Q

how is sound intensity measured?

A

deibels (dB)

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11
Q

this is based on the ratio between reference pressure level (Pr) and the pressure of interest (P)

A

decibels (dB)

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12
Q

what is the sound intensity level of jet engine, explosion, thunder, riveter, and jack hammer?

A

deafining

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13
Q

what is the sound intensity level of a busy street, duplicating machines, and manufacturing?

A

very loud

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14
Q

what is the sound intensity level of street activities and typewriting?

A

loud

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15
Q

what is the sound intensity level of a conversation, radio, and aircon?

A

moderate

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16
Q

what is the sound intensity level of a soft background music at home?

A

faint

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17
Q

what is the sound intensity level of a whisper in a soundproof room?

A

quiet

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18
Q

auditory signals are composed of ?

A

single tones, sounds (mixture of tones), or spoken messages

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19
Q

these may be continuous, periodic, or uneven at timings

A

tones and sounds

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20
Q

what are some examples of tones and sounds?

A

horns
bells
sirens
whistles
buzzers
loudspeakers

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21
Q

what are recommended for wualitative information such as indication of status or for warnings?

A

tonal signals

22
Q

what auditory display may be appropriate for all types of messages?

A

speech

23
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)

Avoid extreme auditory dimensions

A

True

24
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)

Do not establish intensity relative to ambient noise level

A

False
❌Do not
✅establish

25
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)

use interrupted or variable signals

A

true

26
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)

do not overload the auditory channel

A

true

27
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays; Installation)

Do not test signals to be used

A

false
❌do not
✅test

28
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays; Installation)

avoid conflict with previously used signals

A

true

29
Q

T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays; Installation)

facilitate changeover with new display

A

false
❌with new display
✅from previous display

30
Q

what decibel (dB) should tonal signals be louder than the ambient noise?

A

at least 10 dB

31
Q

what frequency differ from those that are dominant in the background noise?

A

signal frequencies

32
Q

what range should a signal frequency be?

A

within 200 and 5,000 Hz

33
Q

what is the best range of signal frequency?

A

500 and 1,500 Hz

34
Q

what range is advantageous if signal undulates (go up or down) or warbles?

A

500 to 1,000 Hz

35
Q

what range of frequency for travelling long distances i.e. more than 300m?

A

below 1,000 Hz

36
Q

what range of frequency when signals have to “bend around” major obstacles, partitions, or pass through sound barriers?

A

below 500 Hz

37
Q

T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)

buzzers may have frequencies as low as 250 Hz

A

False
❌250 Hz
✅150 Hz

38
Q

T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)

horns may have frequencies as high as 1,000 Hz

A

false
❌1,000 Hz
✅4,000 Hz

39
Q

in using modulated signals, how many beeps per second is required to demand attention?

A

1-8 beeps per second

40
Q

what signals should be used to represent different conditions?

A

discriminable warning signals

41
Q

T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)

Where feasible, use a separate communication systems for warnings

A

true

42
Q

T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)

the maximum duration for a tonal signal should be 100ms

A

false
❌maximum
✅minimum

43
Q

T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)

temporal coding can be used for the pattern of the signals

A

true

44
Q

what are the 2 patterns of temporal coding?

A

rapid intermittent signal and fire alarm

45
Q

this should be used for high-priority messages

A

rapid intermittent

46
Q

a two short bursts, a long bursts, followed by a silent period

A

fire alarm

47
Q

verbal displays may be _____ or ____ generated speech

A

natural or artificially

48
Q

verbal messages may be _____, _____, or may consist of _____ speech

A

prerecorded, digitized, synthesized

49
Q

what must be considered within the specified environment when hsing a speech display?

A

intelligibility of speech

50
Q

ESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS

what evokes a more emotional response than a light or a tone?

A

voice stimulus

51
Q

ESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS

what effect can you experience if the voice is unpleasant or the message you want to hear is one that you do not want to hear?

A

irritating effect

ergo 2 (12 decks)

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