Module 6: Perception

Question 1

what are the experience resulting from stimulation of the senses?

Answer 1

perception

Question 2

perception can change based on _____?

Answer 2

added information

Question 3

this involves a process similar to reasoning or problem solving based on a person’s past experiences

Answer 3

perception

Question 4

perception occurs in _______ with actions

Answer 4

conjunction

Question 5

what involves complex and usually invisible processes that resemble reasoning?

Answer 5

perception

Question 6

how do we percept ?

Answer 6

while in motion, we shift our attention from one thing to another to perceive what is happening

Question 7

what is the central to our ability to organize the actions that occur as we interact with the environment?

Answer 7

perception

Question 8

what does perception creates and helps us take action within it as it plays a central role in our general cognition?

Answer 8

a picture of our environment

Question 9

what is essential for creating memories, acquiring knowledge, solving problems, communicating with other people, recognizing someone you met last week, and answering questions on a cognitive ergonomics exam?

Answer 9

perception

Question 10

what is the bottom-up process by which our senses receive and relay outside stimuli?

Answer 10

sensation

Question 11

what is the top-down way our brain organize and interpret the information and put it into context?

Answer 11

perception

Question 12

what refers to the task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on the retina?

Answer 12

inverse projection problem

Question 13

inverse projection problem involves starting with the ______ and then extending ______ to the source of that image

Answer 13

retinal image, outward

Question 14

what are the limitations of perceiving machine vs. humans?

Answer 14

1. inverse projection problem
2. objects can be hidden or blurred
3. objects can look different from different viewpoints
4. scenes contain high level information

Question 14

the light from an object is _____ as it falls on the retina

Answer 14

inverted

Question 15

stimulates receptors

Answer 15

environmental energy

Question 16

observer brings to the situation

Answer 16

knowledge and expectations

Question 17

approaches to understand perception

Answer 17

direct and constructive perception theories

Question 18

bottom up processing; perception comes from stimuli in the environment where parts are identified and put together & then recognition occurs

Answer 18

direct perception theories

Question 19

people actively construct perceptions using info-based on expectations

Answer 19

constructive perception theories

Question 20

ability to tell when one word ends and another begins

Answer 20

speech segmentation

Question 21

knwoing which sound will likely follow another in a word

Answer 21

transitional probabilities

Question 22

some perceptions are the results of. ____

Answer 22

unconscious assumptions

Question 23

we use ___ to inform our perceptions

Answer 23

knowledge

Question 24

we ___ much of what we knwo about the ___

Answer 24

infer, world

Question 25

perceive the world in a way that is most pikely based on our PAST experience

Answer 25

likelihood principle

Question 26

old view

Answer 26

structuralism

Question 27

new view

Answer 27

gestalth principles

Question 28

number of sensation add up to create perceptions

Answer 28

structuralism

Question 29

the mind group patterns according to intrinsic laws of perceptual organization

Answer 29

gestalt principles

Question 30

4 principles of gestalt principles

Answer 30

principle of good continuation law of pragnanz principle of similarity color causes grouping

Question 31

lines tend to be seen as following the smoothest path

Answer 31

principle of good continuation

Question 32

principle of simplicity/good figure; every stimuls pattern is seen so the resulting structure is as simple as possible

Answer 32

law of pragnanz

Question 33

similar things appear grouped tgt

Answer 33

principle of similarity

Question 34

verticals and horizontals are peceived way more easily than other orientations

Answer 34

oblique effect

Question 35

one’s estimate of the probability of a given outcome is influenced by 2 factors: prior probability and likelihood of a given outcome

Answer 35

bayesian inference

Question 36

a process wherein the indiv receive various stimuli (input), organize their impressions and interpret in their own way (throughput), and give some meaning and display behaviour (output)

Answer 36

perception in the workplace

Question 37

an individual is perceived based on a SINGLE TRAIT

Answer 37

Halo effect

Question 38

typecast

Answer 38

stereotype

Question 39

incorrect perception of an individual

Answer 39

projection

Question 40

types of perceptual errors

Answer 40

halo effect stereotype projection

Question 41

ways to improve perception

Answer 41

1. authentic communication 2. empathy 3. positive attitude 4. cultural influences