Module 7: Attention

Question 1

ability to focus on specific stimuli. or locations in our environment

Answer 1

attention

Question 2

attending to one thing while ignoring others

Answer 2

selective attention

Question 3

paying attention to more than one thing at a time

Answer 3

divided attention

Question 4

does not attend to large fraction of info

Answer 4

selective attention

Question 5

selective processing filters some info and promote other info for _____

Answer 5

further processing

Question 6

3 models of selective attention

Answer 6

early selection model: broadbent’s filter model

intermediate selection model: treisman’s attenuation model

late selection model: MacKay’s 19733

Question 7

was designed to explain the results of an experiment done by Colin Cherry in 1953

Answer 7

broadbent’s filter model

Question 8

who studied attention using dichotic listening

Answer 8

cherry

Question 9

technique where dichotic means presenting different stimuli to left and right ears

Answer 9

dichotic listening

Question 10

procedure of repeating the words they hear

Answer 10

shadowing

Question 11

broadbent’s filter model shows the experiment on how

Answer 11

participants have to focus on the msg in one ear called attended ear, and repeat what they heard out loud

Question 12

msg > SM > filter > detector > memory

Answer 12

attended msg (between filter and detector)

Question 13

holds info for a fraction of sec

Answer 13

sensory memory

Question 14

identifies attended msg based on physical characteristics

Answer 14

filter

Question 15

processes all info to determine high level characteristics of the msg

Answer 15

detector

Question 16

receives output of detector; holds infor for 10-15 sec & may transfer it to ltm

Answer 16

stm

Question 17

limitations of broadbent’s filter model

Answer 17

name = cocktail party phenomenon
shadow meaningful msgs = dear aunt jane

Question 18

attended msg can be separated from unattended msg early in the info-processing system

Answer 18

intermediate selection model

Question 19

msg > attenuator > dictionary unit > to memory

Answer 19

attended msg & unattended msg (bet. attenuator & dictionary unit)

Question 20

analyzes incoming msg in terms of physical characteristics, language, and meaning

Answer 20

attenuator

Question 21

message that is let throught the attenuator in FULL STRENGTH

Answer 21

Attended message

Question 22

message that is let throught the attenuator in WEAKER STRENGTH

Answer 22

unattended message

Question 23

contains words, each of which has a threshold for being activated

Answer 23

dictionary unit

Question 24

common or important words have ___ thresholds

Answer 24

low

Question 25

uncommon words have ___ thresholds

Answer 25

high

Question 26

meaning of biasing word affected participant’s choice but participants were unaware of the presentation of the biasing words

Answer 26

MacKay

Question 27

ppl trying to ignore distracting stimuli when they focus their attention on a certain task

Answer 27

load theory of attention

Question 28

amount of info a perosn can handle ¥& sets limit on their ability to process incoming info

Answer 28

processing capacity

Question 29

difficulty of a task

Answer 29

perceptual load

Question 30

tasks that use higher amounts of processing capacity

Answer 30

high-load

Question 31

tasks that use lower amounts of processing capacity

Answer 31

low-load

Question 32

name of the word interferes with the ability to name the ink color

Answer 32

stroop effect

Question 33

rapid movements of the eye

Answer 33

saccades

Question 34

short pauses on points of interest

Answer 34

fixations

Question 35

areas that stand out and capture

Answer 35

stimulus salience

Question 36

knowledge about what is contained in typical scenes

Answer 36

scene schema

Question 37

directing attention without moving the eye

Answer 37

precueing

Question 38

one to four characters called target stimuli schneider and shiffrin 1977

Answer 38

memory set

Question 39

could contain random dot patterns, a target, and distractors

Answer 39

test frames

Question 40

occurs without intention and only uses some of a person’s cognitive resources

Answer 40

automatic processing

Question 41

stimulus that is not attended is not perceived

Answer 41

inattentional blindness

Question 42

moving from one place to another

Answer 42

location-based

Question 43

attention being directed to one place on an object

Answer 43

object-based

Question 44

static scenes

Answer 44

environment

Question 45

dynamic events

Answer 45

specific object

Question 46

differences between 2 images are not immediately apparent

Answer 46

change blindness

Question 47

color, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object

Answer 47

binding

Question 48

feature integration theory

Answer 48

object > preattentive stage > focused attention stage > perception

Question 49

analyzed into features

Answer 49

preattentive stage

Question 50

combine features

Answer 50

focused attention stage

Question 51

inability to focus attention on individual objects; ⬆️ number of illusory conjunctions were reported

Answer 51

balint’s syndrome

Question 52

attention ENHANCES ______

Answer 52

neural responding

Question 53

is distributed across a large number of areas in the brain

Answer 53

attentional processing

Question 54

monitoring several sources of info to determine occurrence of a particular event

Answer 54

selective attention

Question 55

two or more separate tasks are performed simultaneously

Answer 55

divided attention

Question 56

attention over prolonged periods

Answer 56

sustained attention