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Human Anatomy > Muscles of the body > Flashcards

Muscles of the body Flashcards

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1
Q

Most skeletal muscles run from one _____ to another.

A

bone

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2
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A
  • Less movable attachment of a muscle

- start

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3
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The more movable attachment of a muscle

- end

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4
Q

The ________ of the muscle moves towards the _______.

A

insertion towards origin

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5
Q

Skeletal muscles are arranged into ________.

A

fascicles

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6
Q

What are fascicles?

A

Bundle of fibres running parallel to one another.

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7
Q

How does fascicle arrangement allow one to determine?

A

Tells you about the action of the muscle.

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8
Q

What is the power of the muscle determined by?

A

1 - The number of muscle fibres in the muscle (more fibres means more power)

2 - Length of the fibres

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9
Q

What are the different, basic muscle types?

A 
Parallel
- fusiform
- straplike
Circular
Triangular/convergent
Pennate
- unipennate
- bipennate
- multipennate
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10
Q

What are parallel muscles?

A

Fibres run parallel to the long axis of the muscle.

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11
Q

What are the two types of parallel muscles (i.e. where the fibres run parallel to the long axis of the muscle)?
Provide an example for each.

A

Fusiform - biceps brachii

Straplike - sartorius

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12
Q

Describe a fusiform muscle.

A

Parallel muscle

- central belly with two tapered ends

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13
Q

Describe a straplike muscle.

A

Parallel

- long, thin, strappy type muscle

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14
Q

Between both biceps brachii and sartorius, which would be more powerful?

A

Biceps brachii:

  • bigger, thicker
  • shorter muscle that can contract quicker
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15
Q

What does circular muscle do? Where would you find it?

Give an example.

A

Circular muscles help close any type of orifice.

ex: orbicularis oris - helps close the mouth

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16
Q

What does pennate mean?

A

Feather; fibres attach obliquely

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17
Q

What does unipennate mean?

Give an example muscle.

A

All the fascicles are one the same side of the tendon

ex: extensor digitum longus

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18
Q

What does bipennate mean?

Give an example muscle.

A

Fascicles on both sides of the central tendon

ex: rectus femoris

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19
Q

What does multipennate mean?

A

Multiple insertions in featherlike arrangement

ex: deltoid

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20
Q

“A muscles cannot reverse the movement it produces.” Explain this.

A

When a muscle contracts and performs its movement, another muscles must undo the action.
These muscle with opposite actions will lie on opposite sides of a joint.

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21
Q

Whenever a muscle crosses a joint it….(finish the statement).

A

Performs an action on that joint.

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22
Q

What is a prime mover/Agonist?

A

Has a major responsibility for a certain movement.

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23
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Opposes or reverses the movement of a prime mover.

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24
Q

What is a synergist?

A

Helps the prime mover.

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25
How can a synergist help the prime mover?
1 - By adding extra force 2 - By reducing undesirable movements 3 - Stabilizing the prime mover
26
What is a fixator?
Type of synergist. - Holds a bone/joint firmly in place - Stabilizes the prime mover so it can act more efficiently
27
What are the different kinds of muscular contractions?
Concentric contraction Eccentric contraction Isometric contraction
28
What is concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens and does work
29
What is eccentric contraction?
Muscle generates force as it lengthens. - resisting gravity - acts as a brake - negative work
30
What is an example of an eccentric contraction?
Squats
31
What is DOMS, what is it caused by?
Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness. | Caused mostly by eccentric contraction since most of the muscle tears occur during eccentric contraction.
32
What are isometric contraction?
Contraction to stabilize, not shortening or lengthening.
33
How are muscles divided into compartments.
Dense regular CT divides limb muscles into compartments.
34
What are muscle compartments?
Group of skeletal muscles that arose from a common embryonic origin
35
The CT that divides muscles into compartments wraps after what layer?
The epimysium
36
Muscles in opposing compartments are what? | What do they share?
Agonist and antagonist pairs | Share a common blood and nerve supply
37
What are the different muscles compartments of the arm? | Give an example for both.
Anterior and posterior A - biceps brachii P - triceps brachii
38
What are the different muscle compartments of the thigh?
Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial
39
What does the anterior compartment muscles of the arm do? | The posterior?
Anterior - flex the shoulder or elbow | Posterior - extend the shoulder or elbow
40
What does the anterior compartment of the thigh do? | Posterior?
Posterior (think hamstring curl) - extends hip, flexes knee - backswing phase of walking Anterior (Think leg extension) - flex the hip, extend the knee
41
What do the medial compartment muscles of the thigh do? | Lateral?
Medial - adduct thigh Lateral - abduct thigh
42
There are 4 general rules for muscle actions as they cross a joint. What are they?
``` A muscle that crosses on the _______ side of joint produces ______. 1 - Anterior - flexion 2 - Posterior - extension 3 - Lateral - abduction 4 - medial - adduction ```
43
What are the different ways in which skeletal muscle can be named?
``` Location Shape Relative size Direction of fascicles and muscle fibres. Number of origins Action ```
44
Give an example muscle who's name provides the location.
Brachialis - located on the arm
45
Give an example muscle who's name provides the shape.
Deltoid - triangular
46
Give an example muscle who's name provides the relative size
Gluteus maximus - large
47
Give an example muscle who's name provides the location of attachments.
Brachioradialis first name is origin, second is insertion. Origin - arm insertion - radius
48
Give an example muscle who's name provides the number of origins.
Biceps - two
49
Give an example muscle who's name provides the action?
Extensor digitum longus | - extends fingers
50
Where is the origin and insertion of the external intercostal muscles?
External intercostals pull the ribcage up and out, insertion moves towards origin so, Insertion on the bottom rib, origin on the upper rib
51
Where is the origin and insertion of the internal intercostal muscles?
Internal intercostals pull the ribcage down and in so, insertion - top rib origin - bottom rib
52
Where is the origin and insertion of the diaphgram?
When contracted, flattens, dome when relaxed so, | middle is insertion, origin is around edge.
53
How many muscles cross the shoulder joint and insert on the humerus?
Nine
54
What muscle can be injured when doing that cat back on the DL?
erector spinae
55
What are the chief forearm flexors?
Biceps and brachialis brachialis is a synergist biceps is the PM
56
What are the chief forearm extendors?
Triceps (PM) and anconeus (synergist)
57
Brevis means?
Short
58
Magnus means?
Large
59
The quadriceps femoris has 4 different _______. These are not _______.
heads | not origins
60
How does the tensor fasciae latae stabilize the trunk on the thigh?
Making IT band taut
61
Hamstrings cross the ___ and _____ joints on the ______ side. This means they do what?
Hip and knee Posterior Flexes thigh and extends hip

Human Anatomy (53 decks)

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